During the spring of 1922 the concession for the operation of the
French sections of the Bagdad Railway, as defined by the Angora Treaty,
was assigned to the Cilician-Syrian Railway Company (_La société
d’exploitation des chemins de fers de Cilicie-Nord Syrie_.) The
Mesopotamian sections of the line, from Basra to Bagdad and Samarra,
were under the jurisdiction of the British Civil Administration
for Irak. From Haidar Pasha to the Cilician Gates the Railway was
being operated by the Turkish Nationalist Government, although its
utilization for commercial purposes was seriously curtailed by the
Greco-Turkish War.[24]
BRITISH INTERESTS ACQUIRE A CLAIM TO THE BAGDAD RAILWAY
The Angora Treaty met with a distinctly heated reception from the
British Government. During November and December, 1921, Lord Curzon
carried on a lengthy correspondence with the French Embassy at London,
in which he made it perfectly plain that the British Government
considered the Franklin-Bouillon treaty a breach of good faith on
the part of France, in the light of which Great Britain must possess
greater freedom of action than would otherwise be the case.[25]
Lord Curzon called into question the moral right of the French
Government to enter into separate understandings with Turkey or to
recognize the Angora Assembly as the _de jure_ government of the
country. He insisted that a revision of the frontier of northern Syria
“could not be regarded as the concern of France alone”:
“It hands back to Turkey a large and fertile extent of territory which
had been conquered from her by British forces and which constituted
a common gage of allied victory, although by an arrangement between
the Allies the mandate has been awarded to France. The mandate is
now under consideration by the League of Nations, and this important
and far-reaching modification of the territory to which it applies
altogether ignores the League of Nations, while the return to Turkey
of territory handed over to the Allies in common without previous
notification to Great Britain and Italy is inconsistent with both the
spirit and the letter of the treaties which all three have signed.
“Further, the revision provides for handing back to Turkey the
localities of Nisibin and Jezirit-ibn-Omar, both of which are of great
strategic importance in relation to Mosul and Mesopotamia; the same
consideration applies to the handing back to Turkey of the track of
the Bagdad Railway between Tchoban Bey and Nisibin.... His Majesty’s
Government cannot remain indifferent to the manifest strategic
importance to their position in Irak of the return to Turkey of the
Bagdad Railway or of the transfer to that power of the localities of
Jezirit-ibn-Omar and Nisibin.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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