[46] Chrons. Osney, Worcester, in Annales Monas. ed. Luard, iv. 294, 488. Between the executions for high treason of Prince David and Sir William Wallace, comes that, in 1295, of Sir Thomas de Turberville. His crime was undoubtedly high treason, but the punishment was abnormal; he was drawn to the gallows, and there hanged, no doubt alive, by a chain of iron. See Annals, under the year. A passage in “Fleta,” written about 1285, seems to indicate that at the time the character of the punishment was not rigorously fixed: “If he is found guilty, he shall undergo the last punishment (ultimum supplicium) with aggravation of the corporeal penalty” (book i., chap. xxi). [47] “Primo per plateas Londoniæ ad caudas equinas tractus usque ad patibulum altissimum sibi fabricatum, quo laqueo suspensus, postea semivivus dimissus, deinde abscisis genitalibus et evisceratis intestinis ac in ignem crematis, demura absciso capite ac trunco in quatuor partes secto, caput palo super pontem Londoniæ affigitur; quadrifida vero membra ad partes Scotiæ sunt transmissa” (“Flores Hist.,” ed. Luard, iii. 124). Another chronicler expressly states “ultimo decollatur,” and a third, “demum decollatus est.” Walsingham, Ypodigma, ed. Riley, p. 235; Chron. Rishanger, ed. Riley, pp. 225, 226. [48] Hawkins (William), “A Treatise of the Pleas of the Crown,” 1771, c. 48, p. 443. See for details, Sir William Stanford, “Les Plees del Coron.,” 1560, fol. 182, 182b. Sir Matthew Hale, “Hist. Placit. Coronæ,” i. 350-1. “Les Reports de Henry Rolle,” 1675, i. 185-7, containing a good example of law-French of the time of James I., the most exquisite jargon ever invented by man. Coke, “Institutes,” part iii., 1644, p. 210, where Coke gives scriptural authority for all the horrors of the sentence. In passing sentence on the Gunpowder Plot men Coke gave an elaborate justification of each part of the sentence (“State Trials,” ii. 184). [49] “State Trials,” xviii. 350-1. [50] Ellis, “Original Letters,” 1st series, ii. 261. [51] “Constitut. Hist.,” ed. 1854, i. 148.