U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
This was the point of departure for Division planners. They maintained
that Wolmi-do was the key terrain feature, and that it should be
secured first in a separate landing. The logical course, according to
the Marines, would be to utilize the morning high tide for the seizure
of this island commanding the waterfront. The enemy would be given the
whole day in which to prepare for the attack on the mainland; but the
Landing Force could also utilize this period for cleaning up Wolmi-do
and moving in supporting artillery.
It was typical of the harmony prevailing between the two planning
groups on the _Mount McKinley_ that PhibGru One immediately accepted
the concept of a double-barreled attack. The rub was that a night
approach would be necessary to assault Wolmi-do at 0600 on the morning
high tide, and the Navy doubted the feasibility of a movement of the
slow-moving and unmaneuverable APAs, AKAs, and LSTs through winding,
mud-lined channels in the darkness.
At length a compromise was reached with the decision to employ DD, APD,
and LSD types primarily, which were more maneuverable in addition to
being equipped with radar navigational instruments.[97]
[97] This summary of Landing Force planning is based upon:
1st MarDiv _SAR_, basic rpt; MarCorps Board _Study_,
v. I, II-B, 13–16; O. P. Smith, _Notes_, 58–62; PacFlt
_Interim Rpt No. 1_, XV: Able Able, 6–7.
The morning landing on Wolmi-do was to be made with a single battalion
of the 5th Marines, to be designated by the Brigade. On the mainland
the remaining two battalions would land with the evening high tide on
RED Beach, just north of the causeway connecting the island with the
city, while two battalions of the 11th Marines landed in support on
Wolmi-do. Meanwhile the 1st Marines was to hit BLUE Beach, southeast
of the urban area. And after driving rapidly inland to consolidate
their positions before nightfall, the two Marine regiments were to
make a junction in the morning and seize the beachhead while the 17th
ROK Regiment (later replaced by 1st KMC Regiment) mopped up the city
streets.
Marine G-4 planners suggested one of the most daring of all the
calculated risks. This was the decision to use LCVPs for the RED Beach
landings because their comparative speed would clear the landing area
for the beaching of eight LSTs--all that could be crammed into the
narrow confines of this strip of urban waterfront. Each was to be
loaded with ammunition, rations, water, and fuel. Obviously these Navy
workhorses, nicknamed “large slow targets”, would be easy marks for
NKPA shore guns, but this was a chance that had to be taken if the
assault troops were to be adequately supplied.
There was not time, of course, to unload and retract the ships during
the period of evening high tide. They must be unloaded during the night
and taken out on the morning tide.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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