U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir CampaignMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir Campaign
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
On the right of the 2d Battalion, the second CCF onslaught had struck
the front and both flanks of Company H on Hill 1403. Human cannon
fodder of Red China was hurled against the Marine positions for a full
hour, but Lieutenant Harris’ command held. H Company’s roadblock,
commanded by Sergeant Vick, decisively beat off a Chinese attack in the
valley; and at 0400 Lieutenant Colonel Harris ordered the hard pressed
company to pull back toward the rear of Easy Company, 2/5. Two hours
later How Company completed its fighting withdrawal.
The loss of Hill 1403 posed a grave threat to the whole defensive
network around the village. Not only were the Chinese now ideally
situated to strike at the rear of 2/5 and sever it from the two
regiments, but in sufficient strength they could attack the rear and
flanks of the Marine units on North and Southwest Ridges. Moreover, at
dawn, they would be looking down the throats of some 2000 Marines on
the valley floor.
_Fighting at 3/5’s CP_
The partially successful assault on Northwest Ridge involved two
regiments, the 266th and 267th, of the 89th CCF Division. Operating
abreast of this force, the 79th Division had meanwhile advanced over
the rugged spine of North Ridge toward the two isolated companies of
the 2d Battalion, 7th Marines, occupying terminal Hills 1282 and 1240
of that huge land mass. Elements of the 79th Division’s three regiments
were in the fore, and each regiment was apparently disposed in a column
of battalions. Facing south toward the Marine positions on North Ridge,
the CCF order of battle, with probable objectives assigned, was as
follows:
237th Regt 235th Regt 236th Regt
Hill 1384 Hill 1240 Hill 1167
(Unoccupied) (D/7) (Unoccupied)
For reasons unknown, the commander of the 235th Regiment did not
include Hill 1282 in his plan for seizing the high ground above
Yudam-ni. He ordered his 1st Battalion to take only Hill 1240, and the
commanding officer of that unit in turn assigned the mission to his
1st and Special Duty Companies. After these two outfits had seized
the objective, the 2d and 3d Companies would pass through and, in
conjunction with other CCF forces in the locale, “... annihilate the
enemy at Yudam-ni.”[391]
[391] ATIS, _Enemy Documents: Korean Operations_, Issue 84,
38. Except where otherwise noted, this section is based
on: _Ibid._, 26–43; LtCol R. D. Taplett interv, 3 May
56; 1stLt R. T. Bey ltr to Maj A. C. Geer, 26 Jun 52;
RCT 7 _URpt 5_; CO 7thMar msg to CG 1stMarDiv, 1000 28
Nov 50; 7thMar _SAR_, 21; CO 5thMar msg to CG 1stMarDiv,
0730 28 Nov 50; 3/5 _SAR_, 13–14; Hull Comments; Capt J.
H. Cahill ltr, 3 Jul 56. The ATIS translation contains a
number of detailed and apparently accurate critiques of
small unit actions. An earlier translation is to be found
in ATIS, _Enemy Documents: Korean Operations_, Issue 66,
87–134.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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