U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir CampaignMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 3 (of 5): The Chosin Reservoir Campaign
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
By the following day the 5th and 7th Marines were ready to sail.
Embarkation officers loaded their ships by sight, planning as they went
along. Not knowing in advance what type of ship might be assigned,
they found that carefully calculated stowage diagrams were out of the
question. Under these circumstances, amphibious training and experience
were invaluable.
Space in the tent city established by X Corps to the rear of the LST
beaches had been made available to Marine units awaiting embarkation.
Most of them, however, moved directly from their bivouac areas to the
beach.
While the Marines were outloading, the two Army divisions defending
the perimeter had only minor patrol actions. Their artillery supplied
most of the interdiction fires at the outset, with naval gunfire giving
the deep support. Vigorous air support by Navy, Air Force, and Marine
planes also did much to discourage any hostile intentions the enemy may
have had.
MGCIS-1, the ground control intercept squadron at Yonpo, stopped
directing the high altitude fighters on 11 December and passed over to
the USS _Mount McKinley_ the task of keeping the perimeter clear of
any enemy planes. Over-all control of air still remained ashore with
MTACS-2.
At 1500 on the 13th General Smith went aboard the USS _Bayfield_ and
opened the Division CP. As his last duty on shore, he attended memorial
services held by the Division at the Hungnam Cemetery. While the
commanding general paid his tribute to the honored dead, Chinese POWs
were making preparations for the interment of the last bodies brought
down from Chinhung-ni.
The Marine loading was completed on the 14th. At a conference that
day with CTF-90 on board the _Mount McKinley_, General Smith inquired
as to the possibility of having the ships carrying the Marines unload
at Masan instead of Pusan, thus saving a 40-mile movement by truck.
Admiral Doyle pointed out that this procedure was not feasible
because of the lack of lighterage facilities at Masan. The additional
turn-around time, moreover, would have delayed the evacuation of
remaining Corps units.
The 14th was also the day when Marine air strikes from Yonpo ended
with the departure of the last of the Wing’s land-based fighters for
Japan. Shortly after midnight the Air Defense Section of MTACS-2
passed control of all air in the Hungnam area to the Navy’s Tactical
Air Control Squadron One of TF-90 aboard the USS _Mount McKinley_. The
Marine squadron then set up a standby TACC aboard an LST until the
final withdrawal on 24 December.
At 1030 on 15 December, as the _Bayfield_ sailed, the curtain went
down on one of the most memorable campaigns in the 175-year history of
the Marine Corps. A total of 22,215 Marines had embarked in shipping
consisting of an APA, an AKA, 3 APs, 13 LSTs, 3 LSDs, and 7 commercial
cargo ships.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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