U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Before the Hook battle erupted, the defensive fires that the 7th
Marines could draw upon were not overpowering in terms of numbers of
units available. Only one battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Bert Davis’
2/11, was in direct support of Colonel Moore’s regiment. In this
mission, the 2/11 fires were reinforced by those of 1/11 (Lieutenant
Colonel David S. Randall). In addition to these organic units, the
batteries of the 623d Field Artillery Battalion (155mm howitzers)
and one platoon of C Battery, 17th Field Artillery Battalion (8-inch
self-propelled howitzers) were readily available to the 7th Marines.
In all, 38 light, medium, and heavy pieces constituted the artillery
support of the right sector.[261] General support was available from
Lieutenant Colonel Raymond D. Wright’s 4/11 and from the 4.2-inch
Rocket Battery (Captain Donald G. Frier). The 159th Field Artillery
Battalion (155mm howitzers) and B Battery, 204th Field Artillery
Battalion (155mm guns), like the other Army units positioned in the
Marine Division sector, reinforced the fires of division artillery.
Fire support from 1st Commonwealth Division weapons within range of the
Hook area could also be depended upon.
[261] 11thMar ComdD, Oct 52, App III, Sheet 3. Eighteen of the
weapons (the 623d Field Artillery Battalion) had just
moved into the Marine sector and begun operating on 14
October. The unit remained under I Corps operational
control, with the mission of providing general support
reinforcing fire.
Although the Army artillery units satisfied the heavy punch requirement
of the 11th Marines, commanded since 21 September by Colonel Harry N.
Shea, there was one basic element the regiment lacked. This missing
ingredient was a sufficient amount of ammunition for the howitzers.
Defense of outposts and mainline positions along the EUSAK front in
early and mid-October 1952 consumed a great deal of this type of
ammunition. This heavy expenditure was brought to the attention of the
corps commanders by Eighth Army. General Van Fleet pointed out that
ammunition consumption rates for both the 105mm and 155mm howitzers
during these two critical weeks in October not only exceeded the
expenditures of the massive Communist spring offensive in 1951 but also
the UN counterstroke that followed.[262]
[262] Later in 1951, during the UN Summer-Fall offensive,
ammunition consumption had again risen sharply, creating
concern among corps commanders and occasioning one of
them to remark to a subordinate, “We have the distinct
impression that two of your battalions are trying to
compete for a world’s record.” Capt Edward C. Williamson,
_et al._, “Bloody Ridge,” ms OCMH, 1951, cited in
James A. Huston, _The Sinews of War: Army Logistics,
1775–1953--The Army Historical Series_ (Washington: OCMH,
1966), v. II, p. 632.
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