U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Almost obscured in the magnificent record of the mercy missions,
especially the hazardous casualty evacuations by the VMO-6 pilots, were
the problems encountered by the observation and helicopter squadrons.
Under operational control of the division and administrative control of
the wing, the squadrons found themselves exposed to overlapping command
authority which sometimes resulted in conflicting directives from
higher headquarters. Some squadron personnel felt that establishment
of a helicopter group under the 1st MAW might have solved many of the
organizational problems, but such a unit was never established in
Korea, partly because only one helicopter squadron (plus half of the
observation squadron) existed.
Another organizational difficulty beset VMO-6. With two types of
aircraft and two unrelated missions (med evac for the HTL and HO5S
copters; observation and artillery spotting for its little OYs and,
later, OE-1s), the squadron found supply and maintenance problems
doubled and operational control of its rotary and fixed wing sections
extremely complex. Attachment of the VMO-6 choppers (for evacuation,
administrative, and liaison missions) to HMR-161 was suggested as a
possible solution to these difficulties, but was never done.
Other problem areas became apparent during the winter of 1952–1953.
Accompanying the freezing weather were difficulties in starting and,
for a brief time, in flying the helicopters. In order to overcome the
engine starting problem on emergency evacuation missions, HMR-161
preheated its number one standby aircraft every two hours during the
extreme cold. Dilution of engine oil with gasoline and use of warming
huts (the latter, a scarcity) were also employed to cut down cold
weather starting time.
Not related to freezing Korean temperatures were two additional
problems, one navigational and the other mechanical. In January, the
helicopter squadron put into use a jeep-mounted homing device for
operations in reduced visibility. It proved unsatisfactory due to
interference from other radio transmitters in the area, a difficulty
never resolved during the rest of the war. The mechanical problem
lay with the rotary winged aircraft in HMR-161. On 27 March, all of
its HRS-2 choppers with more than 200 hours on the main rotor blades
were grounded. Discovery in the States that minute .002-inch cuts on
the blade surface had occurred during fabrication resulted in the
grounding. New blades were promptly flown to Korea from both Japan and
the United States, and the squadron again became fully operational on 2
April.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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