U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
The objective of the CAS program, in addition to providing operational
training and practice for Marine ground officers, air controllers,
and pilots, was to inflict maximum casualties on Chinese troops and
to increase the destruction and damage to their positions. Before
assigning a pilot to the actual training flights, MAG-12 sent him
on a tour of the front lines to become better familiarized with the
topography, the restricted (“no-fly”) areas, and probable enemy
targets. Air strikes requested by the division went directly to MAG-12.
Initially, a limitation of 12 sorties per day was established, but on
17 July--the program having already been extended beyond its original
30-day limit--a new ceiling of 20 daily sorties went into effect. The
division was also allowed additional flights above this prescribed
daily sortie number when air support was needed to repel a large-scale
enemy attack or to assist in a major Marine ground assault.
Almost as soon as the Marines began to derive the benefit of the
training program, the flights were terminated by FAF. On 3 August
1952, following a complaint by CG, Eighth Army that Marines were
getting a disproportionate share of the close air support sorties,
the Fifth Air Force notified General Jerome that the special program
would end the next day. General Selden was instructed to request air
support “in the same manner as other divisions on the Army front.”[83]
Despite the abrupt termination of the training program, the division
had derived substantial benefits from the 12 weeks of Marine-type close
air support. “Air attacks were the most useful weapon for dealing with
enemy dug-in on the reverse slopes,”[84] according to an official
analysis. One regimental commander reported that the 1,000-pound
bombs were effective in destroying enemy bunkers and further noted
that the strikes had produced good results in the “destruction or
damaging of enemy artillery and mortar pieces.”[85] Another senior
officer commented that air overhead kept the Communists “buttoned up,”
which permitted Marines greater freedom of movement for tactical and
logistical operations.[86]
[83] _PacFlt EvalRpt_ No. 5, p. 8-54.
[84] _PacFlt EvalRpt_ No. 4, p. 9-36.
[85] 1st MarDiv ComdD, Jun 52, p. 2.
[86] Col Russell E. Honsowetz ltr to Hd, HistBr, G-3 Div,
HQMC, dtd 14 Sep 66.
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