U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West KoreaUnited States. Marine Corps
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 5 (of 5): Operations in West Korea
United States. Marine Corps
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Still another concept regarding the employment of artillery developed
during the early days of the JAMESTOWN defense. The 11th Marines had
advised the infantry regiments that it could effectively fire on
enemy troops attacking friendly positions if the Marines had overhead
cover. The idea was to use variable time (VT) fuzes[119] with the
standard high explosive (HE) shells. Artillery battalions supporting
the frontline regiments registered on positions occupied frequently by
patrols going forward from JAMESTOWN.
[119] A type of proximity fuze, the V.T. depends upon an
external source, such as an electronic signal, rather
than the force of ground impact, to detonate the shell at
a predetermined height over the target.
According to the recollections of veteran artillery and infantrymen in
the division, the first occasion that pre-planned artillery fire was
placed on friendly positions occurred in May 1952.[120] The episode
involved a 2/7 platoon patrol that late on 18 May was ordered to return
to the MLR from an outpost on the former OPLR. Operating forward of the
center regimental sector,[121] the platoon commander, Second Lieutenant
Theodore H. Watson, directed that two of the three Marine squads return
to the MLR. The remaining unit, surrounded by about 50 Chinese, engaged
them in a brisk fire fight.
[120] 1stMarDiv ComdD, May 52, p. 4.
[121] The 7th Marines advanced to the line to relieve the 5th
Marines in the center sector on 11 May.
When the artillery fired to seal off the enemy and box-in the defensive
position failed to discourage the hostile force, Lieutenant Watson
ordered his men into the shelter of two nearby bunkers. He then
requested the artillery to place VT directly over his positions.[122]
The volleys of overhead fire and effective Marine small arms fire then
forced the enemy to call off his assault. Although the exact number
of Chinese casualties could not be determined, the new fire technique
fully accomplished its purpose--repelling the enemy force.
[122] The artillery regiment had earlier developed the
“box-me-in” fires for outpost defense. If under heavy
attack the outpost could call for these pre-planned
close-in fires that completely surrounded the position.
In event of radio or wire communication failures, the
outpost could call for “box-me-in” or “Fire VT on my
position” by signal flare or other pyrotechnic device.
_Henderson ltr II._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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