Cambrium, 5. Camel, 274. Canada, 127, 260. Cañon, 41. Cap-making, 284. Carbon, 6. Carp, 113. Carpathian foot-hills, 279. — mountains 6, 23 ff., 30 ff., 37, 45, 90, 95 f., 108, 112 f., 129, 144, 155, 161, 171, 220, 223 f., 253 ff., 258, 264, 274, 276 f., 280, 284 f., 291, 296, 308 ff., 312, 314. Carpentry, 284. Carpets, 283 f. Carriage industry. Catherine II, 260. Cattle, 272, 296. —, exportation of, 272, 296. —, horned, 115, 272. —, trade in, 272. —, small, 296. Cattle-raising, 271 f. Caspian Sea, 10 ff., 34, 37, 81, 123, 139, 215, 218, 233, 248, 250, 279. Caucasia, 234, 260, 262, 279, 309. Caucasian foot-hills, 211, 279. Caucasus, 7, 12, 14, 19, 21 ff., 34 ff., 54, 90, 95 ff., 103, 105, 108, 110, 112, 139, 162, 215 f., 218, 220, 248, 274, 276 f., 280 f., 291, 296, 301, 339. Censorship, Russian, 149. Census, 118, 128. Central Asia, 15, 212. — Russia, 7, 335. — Russian Plateau, 24, 329. Chahari, 105. Chalk, 281. — marl, 39. Charcoal-burning, 285. Charles, XII 184, 329. Chatirdagh, 34. Chechenians, 123, 139 f. Cheremosh, 66, 119 f. Cherkask, 138. Cherkassi, 74, 135. Chernihiv, 58, 60, 122, 124, 142 ff., 167, 185, 171 f., 191, 213, 240, 248, 252 f., 258 f., 262 ff., 265 ff., 268, 270 ff., 274, 281, 283 ff., 287, 289, 291, 294, 303, 327, 330. Chernowitz, 44, 85 ff., 95, 119, 130, 295, 298, 301, 314 f. Cherries, 268. Chesaniv, 132. Chichiclea, 69. Chihirin, 50, 74, 134 f., 286, 325. Chornobil, 285, 318. Chornohory, 12, 30 ff., 65, 91, 95, 109. Chornomoria, 115, 144, 272. Chornosyom, 43, 104, 114, 194, 226. [350] Chorni yar, 126. Chortkiv, 132, 286, 321. Christmas Eve, 202. — songs, 202. Chromium, 276. Chumak organization, 19, 225, 294, 326 ff. Circassians, 123, 138. Cinnabar, 276. Ciscaucasia, 123, 216, 270. Civilization; see Culture. Clays, 227, 281. Climate, 10, 85, 98, 114, 232 ff. Clothing industry, 289, 292. Clozove, 71. Coal, 225, 278. Coast, Ukrainian, 20 ff. Coke, 278. Columbia, 127. Composite families, 197. Commerce, 292 ff. Constantinivka, 69. Constantinople, 64, 176, 185, 229, 306. Cooperage, 285. Copper, 276. Cork industry, 290. Corn, 114, 265. Cossack cities, 328. — songs, 200. — trails, 77. Cossacks, 22, 70, 107, 115, 122, 137 ff., 151, 181 ff., 189, 214, 228, 230, 243, 247, 259, 303, 322, 331, 339. Costume, 195 f. Cotton industry, 288. Crabs, 251. Cracow, 86, 301, 308. Crane, 113. Cretaceous, 27. Crimea, 14, 20, 24, 33 f., 61, 87, 90 ff., 104 f., 108 ff., 115, 124, 140, 181, 270, 279 f., 294, 299, 336, 338 f. Crimean Tartars, 140. Croatia, 44. Croatians, 166. Cucumbers, 114, 267. Cultivation, area of, 261. Cultural influences, ancient Greek, 192 f. —, Byzantine, 193. —, Polish, 193. —, Roman, 193. —, Russian, 193. — sections of country, 191 f. Culture, 191, 196, 200 ff. Customs, 202. Czechs, 118, 134, 150, 166, 168, 267. [Contents] D.