French fiction -- Translations into English; Science fiction
Here is a seventh. We said just now that our globe's axis of rotation is
inclined, and everybody knows that the imaginary prolongation of this
axis points towards the polar star. This axis itself is not fixed. It
revolves in 25,765 years, keeping its inclination of 22 to 24 degrees,
so that its prolongation describes a circle of 44 to 48 degrees in
diameter--according to the epoch--on the celestial sphere around the
pole of the ecliptic. It is in consequence of this displacement of the
pole that Vega, in twelve thousand years, will again become the polar
star, as she was fourteen thousand years ago. Seventh kind of movement.
An eighth motion, due to the action of the Moon on the equatorial
swelling of the Earth, that of nutation, causes the pole of the equator
to describe a small ellipse in eighteen years and eight months.
A ninth, due also to the attraction of our satellite, incessantly
changes the position of the globe's centre of gravity and the Earth's
place in space. When the Moon is in front of us, she accelerates the
speed of the globe; when she is behind, she retards us, on the
contrary, like a check-rein,--a monthly complication which is added to
all the others.
When the Earth passes between the Sun and Jupiter, the attraction of the
latter, in spite of its distance of 155,000,000 leagues, makes it
deviate by 2 m. 10 sec. from its absolute orbit. The attraction of Venus
makes it deviate 1 m. 25 sec. the other way. Saturn and Mars also act
upon it, but more feebly. These are exterior disturbances, which make up
a tenth kind of correction to add to the motion of our celestial barque.
The whole of the planets weigh about one seven hundredth part of the
weight of the Sun; the centre of gravity around which the Earth annually
turns is not in the very centre of the Sun, but far from the centre, and
often even outside of the solar globe. Now, absolutely speaking, the
Earth does not turn around the Sun; but the two heavenly bodies, Sun and
Earth, turn about their common centre of gravity. Thus the centre of our
planet's annual motion is constantly changing place, and we may add this
eleventh complication to the others. We might even add many others to
these; but the preceding ones are enough to make the degree of
lightness and delicacy of our floating island appreciated, subject, as
we have seen, to all the fluctuations of celestial influences.
Mathematical analysis goes very far beyond this summary statement. It
has found that the Moon alone, which seems to turn so peacefully about
us, has more than sixty distinct motions.
The expression is therefore not exaggerated: our planet is but the
plaything of the cosmic forces which accompany it in the meadows of the
sky, and it is the same with everything existing in the universe. Matter
is meekly obedient to force.
Where, then, is the fixed point which we desire for our support?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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