Val d'Arno: Ten Lectures on the Tuscan Art Directly Antecedent to the Florentine Year of Victories; Given Before the University of Oxford in Michaelmas Term, 1873Ruskin, John
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Val d'Arno: Ten Lectures on the Tuscan Art Directly Antecedent to the Florentine Year of Victories; Given Before the University of Oxford in Michaelmas Term, 1873
Ruskin, John
Art -- Italy -- Tuscany
The heads of the eleven figures are as simply decorative as the ball
flowers are in our English Gothic tracery; the slight irregularity
produced by different gesture and character giving precisely the sort of
change which a good designer wishes to see in the parts of a consecutive
ornament.
The moulding closes at each extremity with a palm-tree, correspondent in
execution with those on coins of Syracuse; for the rest, the interest
of it consists only in these slight variations of attitude by which
the figures express wonder or concern at some event going on in their
presence. They are looking down; and I do not doubt, are intended to be
the heavenly witnesses of the story engraved on the stone below,--The
Life and Death of the Baptist.
The lower stone on which this is related, is a model of skill in
Fiction, properly so called. In Fictile art, in Fictile history, it is
equally exemplary. 'Feigning' or 'affecting' in the most exquisite way
by fastening intensely on the principal points.
Ask yourselves what are the principal points to be insisted on, in the
story of the Baptist.
He came, "preaching the Baptism of Repentance for the remission of
sins." That is his Advice, or Order-preaching.
And he came, "to bear witness of the Light." "Behold the Lamb of God,
which taketh away the sins of the world." That is his declaration, or
revelation-preaching.
And the end of his own life is in the practice of this preaching--if you
will think of it--under curious difficulties in both kinds. Difficulties
in putting away sin--difficulties in obtaining sight. The first half of
the stone begins with the apocalyptic preaching. Christ, represented
as in youth, is set under two trees, in the wilderness. St. John is
scarcely at first seen; he is only the guide, scarcely the teacher, of
the crowd of peoples, nations, and languages, whom he leads, pointing
them to the Christ. Without doubt, all these figures have separate
meaning. I am too ignorant to interpret it; but observe generally, they
are the thoughtful and wise of the earth, not its ruffians or rogues.
This is not, by any means, a general amnesty to blackguards, and an
apocalypse to brutes, which St. John is preaching. These are quite the
best people he can find to call, or advise. You see many of them carry
rolls of paper in their hands, as he does himself. In comparison
with the books of the upper cornice, these have special meaning, as
throughout Byzantine design.
"Adverte quod patriarchæ et prophetse pinguntur cum rotulis
in manibus; quidam vero apostoli cum libris, et quidam
cum rotulis. Nempe quia ante Christi adventum fides figurative
ostendebatur, et quoad multa, in se implicita erat. Ad
quod ostendendum patriarchse et prophetæ pinguntur cum rotulis,
per quos quasi qusedam imperfecta cognitio design atur;
quia vero apostoli a Christo perfecte edocti suut, ideo libris,
per quos designatur perfecta cognitio, uti possunt."
WILLIAM DURANDUS, quoted by Didron, p. 305.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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