It was not until 1772 that any sculptor was permitted to paint or gild for profit, nor was any painter allowed to model. The profession of an artist was regarded as less than an industry, being a sort of hand to mouth existence in which the unfortunate was glad to accept whatever work the artisan could give him. In 1783 the Gild had dwindled to twelve members, who finally were absorbed by the Academy of Design, established by Maria Theresa in 1773. Thus perished the Gild of Painters and Sculptors of Malines. The following is a list of the principal artists and engravers, chronologically arranged, who made Malines famous: Jean Van Battele, one of the promoters of the Gild of Saint Luke of Malines, was a successful workman in 1403. He was said to be more of a painter-glazer than a painter of pictures, but there is sufficient evidence that he practised both genres. Gauthier Van Battele, son of the above, was admitted to the Gild in 1426, and figured in the artistic annals of the town in 1474-75. Baudoin Van Battele, alias Vander Wyck, believed to be "petitfils" of Gauthier, is mentioned in the chronicles of 1495. He painted many mural pictures for the "Beyaerd"; the fresco of the Judgment Day in the great hall of the "Vierschaer" is his greatest work. He died about 1508. He had one son, Jean, who executed a triptych in the Hotel de Ville of Malines in 1535, and illuminated a manuscript register on vellum relating to the "_Toison d'Or_." This book was presented to Charles-Quint, and so pleased him that he ordered a duplicate which cost the artist three years of hard work to complete. He died in July, 1557, highly honored. Daniel Van Yleghem was the chief workman upon the Holy tabernacle of the chief altar of St. Rombauld. An engraver of great merit; he died in 1451(?). Jean Van Orshagen occupied the position of Royal Mint Engraver of Malines, 1464-65. The following year he was discovered passing false money at Louvain. Imprisoned, he died of the pestilence in 1471. Guillaume Trabukier excelled in the art of a designer-engraver (ciseleur) in gold. For the town he made many beautiful pieces of work, notably the silver statue of St. Rombauld which decorated the high altar of the Cathedral. He died in 1482. Zacherie Van Steynemolen, born about 1434, was an excellent engraver of dies. During more than forty years (1465-1507) he made the seals of the town corporations. Notably he engraved for the Emperor Frederic IV the two great seals which are now in the museum. He died in 1507. Michael or Michel Coxie, le vieux, was a greatly esteemed painter who worked under the direction of Raphael. His real name was Van Coxcien, or Coxcyen, but he changed its form to Coxie.