Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
DIFFERENCES FROM TYPICAL _T. pallidicinctus_.--There is no connection at
all between pars caudifemoralis and the raphe between Mm. flexor cruris
lateralis and femorocruralis. The posteroventral corner of pars
iliofemoralis is some distance dorsal to the ventral edge of the ischium
and, therefore, does not attach to the ischiopubic membrane.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The insertion (narrow) is entirely tendinous in
one leg.
=_M. Flexor Ischiofemoralis_= (M. ischiofemoralis), Figs. 16, 17
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Thick; on lateral surface of
anterior part of ischium; posterior end in lateral iliac fossa; deep to
Mm. extensor iliofibularis and caudofemoralis pars iliofemoralis;
overlapping ventral extrapelvic part of M. obturator and anteroproximal
part of M. adductor superficialis (slightly fused to proximal edge of
latter); posteroventral corner contacting anteroproximal corner of M.
flexor cruris medialis; extreme anterodorsal corner usually overlapped
by tendon of M. piriformis.
ORIGIN.--The muscle arises fleshily from a large area on the lateral
surface of the ischium extending ventrally to the origin of M. adductor
superficialis, anteriorly to the level of the posterior end of the
obturator foramen, dorsally to the ventral border of the ilio-ischiatic
fenestra and to the depth of the lateral iliac fossa, and posteriorly
approximately to the level of the ventral ischiatic tubercle.
INSERTION.--The short flat tendon attaches to the lateral surface of the
femur immediately posterior to the insertion of M. piriformis.
INNERVATION.--The posterior tibial division of the sciatic nerve
penetrates the dorsal surface.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The ventral part of the insertion may be fleshy.
_T. cupido_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance.
_P. p. jamesi_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In all the legs except one, an additional twig
arises from the branch to M. flexor cruris medialis and penetrates the
lateral surface of M. flexor ischiofemoralis. The ventral part of the
insertion is fleshy in one leg.
=_M. Adductor Superficialis_= (M. adductor longus et brevis, pars
externa), Figs. 14, 16, 17
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Posterior to femur, lateral to M.
adductor profundus, and medial to Mm. flexor ischiofemoralis,
caudofemoralis, and femorocruralis; proximal end (fleshy) fused to
proximal tendinous end of M. adductor profundus.
ORIGIN.--The origin is fleshy and tendinous from the proximal end of the
lateral surface of M. adductor profundus and from a narrow line on the
ischium adjacent (dorsal) to the origin of the latter; the posterior
part of the origin sometimes extends farther dorsally on the lateral
surface of the ischium; the origin does not extend so far anteriorly nor
so far posteriorly as the origin of M. adductor profundus; the anterior
edge is at the posterior border of the obturator foramen.
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