ORIGIN.--The origin is fleshy and tendinous (distal edge only) from an elongate area on the posteromedial surface of the proximal end of the tibiotarsus adjacent to the insertion of M. popliteus. INSERTION.--The long, slender, ossified tendon extends along the posteromedial aspect of the tibiotarsus and becomes flexible just before attaching to the proximomedial part of the tibial cartilage. The tibial cartilage is a large, mostly cartilaginous pad fitting closely over the posterior surface of the intratarsal joint; the distomedial corner is ossified. This cartilage is perforated by the tendons of several flexor muscles; the distal end of the cartilage attaches to the posteroproximal corner of the tarsometatarsus. INNERVATION.--A branch of the medial division of the tibial nerve penetrates the lateral surface. INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, a small bundle of fibers separates from the proximal end of the muscle, forming a short accessory head which attaches, separately from the remainder, to the articular capsule posteroproximal to the main origin; a blood vessel passes between the main and accessory heads. _T. cupido_ INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, a small bundle of fibers arises from the medial collateral ligament. In another leg, the nerve to M. gastrocnemius pars interna passes through a gap in the origin of M. plantaris rather than distal to its origin. _P. p. jamesi_ INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The nerve branch supplying M. gastrocnemius pars interna gives a minute twig to the deep surface of the free belly of M. plantaris in one instance. =_M. Flexor Digitorum Longus_=, Figs. 14, 16, 17, 19A _T. pallidicinctus_ GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Relatively broad; bipinnate; on posterolateral surface of tibiotarsus; bounded posteromedially by M. flexor hallucis longus, posteriorly by M. flexor perforatus digiti II and anterolateral head of M. flexor perforatus digiti III, laterally by Mm. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III and flexor perforans et perforatus digiti II, and anterolaterally by Mm. peroneus brevis and tibialis anticus; anterior surface of lateral part of distal half of common belly fused to M. peroneus brevis; divided into three heads--posterior (largest), lateral, and medial; _posterior head_ on posterior surface of head of fibula; overlapping and fused to lateral end of M. popliteus; proximomedial corner deep to latter; _lateral head_ on lateral surface of fibula; lateral and posterior heads separated by insertion of M. extensor iliofibularis; these two heads joined immediately distal to insertion of latter; _medial head_ on posterior surface of tibiotarsus; group of blood vessels and nerves passing between medial and posterior heads; these two heads joined several mm. distal to junction of lateral and posterior heads; deep surface of insertional tendon near distal end of tarsometatarsus serving as origin for M. lumbricalis.