Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In half the legs, the proximal end of the lateral
head is notched for the passage of the peroneal nerve; the main part of
the head lies medial to this nerve; the short fleshy slip lateral to
this nerve arises by a long, slender, and extremely weak tendon from
connective tissue surrounding the femorotibiotarsal joint. In one leg, a
bundle of fibers separates from the lateral head and attaches to the
terminal four mm. of the anterior (proximal) edge of the tendon of M.
extensor iliofibularis. Each of the following variations occurs in
several legs: a third dorsal slip on digit IV attaches to the distal end
of the fourth phalanx in some legs and to the subarticular cartilage of
the fourth joint in other legs; a third dorsal slip on digit III
attaches to the distal end of the third phalanx in some legs and to the
subarticular cartilage of the third joint in other legs; a second dorsal
slip on digit II attaches to the distal end of the second phalanx in
some legs and to the subarticular cartilage of the second joint in other
legs.
_T. cupido_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The dorsal slips of insertion show variations
similar to those noted above for _T. pallidicinctus_.
_P. p. jamesi_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, the proximal end of the lateral head
is notched for the passage of the peroneal nerve. The dorsal slips of
insertion show variations similiar to those given above for _T.
pallidicinctus_. In four legs, a tiny vinculum extends from the lateral
edge of the branch of the tendon on digit IV to the lateral edge of the
underlying medial branch of the tendon of M. flexor perforatus digiti IV
at the level of the second phalanx.
=_M. Popliteus_=, Fig. 19B
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Extremely short but relatively broad
and thick; on posterior surface of proximal end of tibiotarsus;
extending distomedially from proximal part of fibula; deep to M. flexor
hallucis longus; lateral end overlapped by, and fused to, posterior head
of M. flexor digitorum longus; medial end often slightly overlapped by,
and fused to, M. plantaris; medial end (insertion) much wider than
lateral end (origin).
ORIGIN.--The origin is fleshy and tendinous (superficial surface) from
the medial surface of the fibula near the proximal end.
INSERTION.--The attachment is fleshy to the posterior surface of the
proximal end of the tibiotarsus adjacent (lateral) to the origin of M.
plantaris.
INNERVATION.--A branch of the medial division of the tibial nerve
penetrates the posterior surface.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance in any of the three species
studied.
=_M. Peroneus Longus_=, Figs. 12, 13
_T. pallidicinctus_
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