In some flowers where the inferior ovary is supposed to be, in part at least, formed by a dilatation of the top of the flower-stalk, leaves have been met with proceeding from the surface of the ovary or fruit, as in _Crataegus tanacetifolia_, roses, pears, gooseberries, &c. In a specimen of _Nymphaea alba_ I have met with scale-like leaves projecting from the surface of the fruit (or torus?), and which did not appear to be metamorphosed stamens or styles (fig. 76). [Illustration: FIG. 75.--Leaf proceeding from hip of the Rose.] [Illustration: FIG. 76.--Leaves proceeding from the ovary of _Nymphaea_.] For other illustrations of increased leaf-formation, see Multiplication of foliar organs. [Illustration: FIG. 77.--_Leontodon_. Scape with two leaves; the bracts of the involucre are also leafy.] =Production of leaves on a usually leafless inflorescence.=--The development of the bracts of an inflorescence to such an extent that they resemble ordinary leaves is elsewhere alluded to as of common occurrence. It happens far less frequently that leaves are developed on an inflorescence usually destitute of them, without any metamorphosis or substitution, and without any formation of adventitious buds, such as happens in prolification. Such a partial change from a floriferous to a foliiferous branch may be seen in a specimen of _Sambucus nigra_ in the Smithian herbarium in the Linnean Society, where the ultimate branches of the cyme bear small leaves. My attention was directed to this specimen by the Rev. W. Newbould. Jacquin figures an analogous case in _Sempervivum sediforme_,[152] in which the branches of the inflorescence were prolonged into leafy shoots. Sometimes from the side of a flower-stalk or scape, which usually does not bear leaves, those organs are produced. The common dandelion, _Taraxacum_, sometimes offers an illustration of this, and also the daisy (_Bellis_).[153] In a specimen of fasciated cowslip given me by Mr. Edgeworth there was a similar formation of leaves on the flattened stalk.