This case differs from most that have been recorded, and in which there has been a more or less complete substitution of anther for carpel, or where the tissues of the carpel have produced pollen, and so taken upon themselves the appearance and functions of anthers. Instances of this latter kind are not uncommon; but in the _Baeckea_ there were perfect stamens proceeding from perfect and completely closed ovaries. Moquin-Tandon[183] cites from Agardh an instance which seems more closely to resemble the state of things in the _Baeckea_, and which occurred in a double hyacinth, wherein both anthers and ovules were borne on the same placenta. Probably, though the fact is not stated, the ovary of the hyacinth was open; and we are told that the flower was double--that it was, in fact, modified and changed in more organs than one; while in the _Baeckea_ nothing at all unusual was observed till the ovary was cut open. The style was present even in those flowers where there was no axile placenta; hence in these cases it could not be, as Lindley stated it to be in the closely allied _Babingtonia_, a prolongation of the placenta.[184] =Formation of pollen within the ovules.=--This has now been recorded in two instances by Mr. S. J. A. Salter in _Passiflora caerulea_ and in _P. palmata_,[185] and by the author in _Rosa arvensis_.[186] [Illustration: FIG. 99.--Pollen within the ovule of _Passiflora_ (after Salter).] In the case of the passion-flower there were various malformations in the ovaries, which were all more or less split open at the distal end, indicating a tendency towards dialysis. The pollen-bearing ovules were borne on the edges of these ovaries, and presented various intermediate conditions between anthers and ovules, commencing at the distal extremity of the carpel with a bi-lobed anther, and passing in series to the base of the ovary, an antheroid body of ovule-like form, a modified ovule containing pollen, an ovule departing from a perfectly natural condition only in the development of a few grains of pollen in its nucleus, and, finally, a perfect, normal ovule.