In hermaphrodite flowers of _Carica Papaya_ (fig. 103) there is a single row of five stamens instead of two rows of five each as in the normal male flowers, the position of the second or inner row of stamens being occupied by five carpels, which, however, are not adherent to the corolla as the stamens are, thus, supposing the arrangement of parts in the normal male flowers to be as follows: --------------------------- s s s s s --------------------------- | p p p p p | st st st st st | st st st st st | That of the hermaphrodite blossoms would be, in brief, as follows: | 5 s |------------ | 5 p | 5 st | 5 c | One of the most curious cases of this kind recorded is one mentioned by Mr. Berkeley,[209] wherein a large white-seeded gourd presented a majority of flowers in which the pollen was replaced by ovules. It would seem probable from the appearances presented by the figure that these ovules were, some of them, polliniferous, like those of the _Passiflora_, &c., described at p. 185, but nothing is stated on the subject. See also section on Regular Peloria, Substitution, Pistillody of the stamens, &c. FOOTNOTES: [190] See also Clos., 'Mem. Acad. Toulouse,' sixth ser., t. iii, pp. 294-305. Scott, 'Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh,' t. viii, p. 60. Wigand, 'Flora,' 1856, p. 707. [191] Professor Dickson concludes from the examination of these structures that the male cone, consisting of simple stamens developed on one common axis, must be regarded as a simple male flower, while the axillary scales of the female cone are by him compared with the flattened shoots of _Ruscus_. [192] 'Linnaea,' xiv, 367. [193] Rev. Hortic.,' January, 1867. [194] See Royle, 'Man. Materia Medica,' ed. 1, p. 567. [195] Thomson, 'Gardener's Assistant,' p. 577. [196] 'Variation of Animals and Plants,' i, 353. [197] Babington, 'Ann. Nat. Hist.,' vol. ix, 1852, p. 156. [198] 'Phys. der Gewaechse,' ii, p. 323. [199] See also Schlechtendal, 'Linnaea,' viii, p. 623, and Lindley, 'Veg. Kingd.,' p. 315. [200] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. France,' vol. ix, p. 81. [201] Cited in Henfrey, 'Bot. Gazette.' 3, p. 11. [202] Baillon. 'Etudes du Groupe des Euphorbiacees,' p. 205, tab. xv, fig. 19, tab. xix, fig. 31. [203] See also Guillemin, 'Mem. Soc. Nat. Hist. Paris,' I, p. 16; hermaphrodite flowers in _Euphorbia esula_. [204] 'Prod. Flor. N. Holl.,' p. 242. [205] 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1837, p. 335. [206] 'Pflanz, Terat.,' von Moquin-Tandon, p. 208. [207] Schnizlein, loc. cit. [208] 'Bot. Mag.,' tab. 5160, fig. 4. See also 'Gard. Chron.,' 1860, pp. 146, 170; 1861, p. 1092. [209] 'Gard. Chron.,' 1851, p. 499. CHAPTER V. ALTERATIONS IN THE DIRECTION OF ORGANS.