That the pollen-lobes are not to be taken as halves of a staminal leaf, but rather as specialised portions of it, not necessarily occupying half its surface, is shown also in the case of double-flowered _Malvaceae_, in which the stamens are frequently partly petal-like, partly divided into numerous separate filaments, each bearing a one-, or it may be even a two-lobed anther. This circumstance is confirmatory of the opinion held by Payer, Duchartre, Dickson, and other organogenists, as to the compound nature of the stamens in these plants. The stamens are here analogues not of a simple entire leaf, but of a lobed, digitate, or compound leaf, each subdivision bearing its separate anther. On this subject the reader may consult M. Mueller's paper on the anther of _Jatropha Pohliana_, _&c._, referred to at page 255. [310] See C. Morren, "On Spur-shaped Nectarines," &c., 'Ann. Nat. Hist.,' March, 1841, p. 1. tab. 11. [311] Karsten, 'Flor. Columb. Spec.,' tab. xxix. [312] See Dickson, "On Diplostemonous Flowers," 'Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin.,' vol. viii, p. 100; and on the Androecium of _Mentzelia_, _&c_., in Seemann's 'Journal of Botany,' vol. iii, p. 209, and vol. iv (1866) p. 273 (_Potentilla_, _&c._). [313] See Baillon, 'Adansonia,' iii, p. 351, tab. 12, _Sinapis_. [314] 'Bull. Acad. Belg.,' xvii, part i, p. 516, c. tab., and '_Lobelia_,' p. 83. [315] Cited in 'Bull. Soc. Bot. France,' xiv, p. 253 ('Rev. Bibl.'). [316] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' 1858, p. 331. [317] 'Mem. Legum.,' p. 44. [318] 'Bildungsabweich, 'Pflanz. Fam.,' tab. 8, f. 12. [319] 'Atlas de Goethe' p. 55, t. 4, f. 18. [320] Wiegmann, 'Bot. Zeit.,' 1831, p. 5, tab. i. [321] 'Ic. Flor. Germ.,' xiii, tab. 112, cccclxiv, f. 2. [322] Seemann's 'Journal of Botany,' 1867, p. 317, t. 72, A (_Ophrys_). [323] 'Enum. Euphorb.' p. 53. [324] 'Linnaea.' i, p. 457. [325] 'De Balsam,' p. 17. [326] B. Clarke, 'Arrangement of Phaenog. Plants,' p. 23. [327] See 'Engelmann,' p. 26, tab. 3, f. 10, 11, 14. [328] 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' ser. 2, t. viii, 1837, p. 58. [329] 'Bot. Zeit.,' 4, 1846, 889. [330] 'Verhandl. Nat. Hist. Ver. Preuss. Rheinl. und Westph.,' 1858, 1860, p. 381. Cramer also, 'Bildungsabweich,' p. 90, cites a case in _Paeonia_ where the carpel was open and petaloid, and bore an anther on one margin, and four ovules on the other. [331] 'Euphorbiaceae,' p. 205. [332] Seemann's 'Journ. Bot.,' iv, p. 168, tab. 47, f. 1. [333] Moquin-Tandon, l. c., 220, _Passiflora_. Masters, 'Journ. Linn. Soc.,' 1857, p. 159, _Saponaria_. Seemann's 'Journ. Botany,' vol. iii, p. 107, _Narcissus_. [334] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' 1857, p. 452. [335] 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1866, p. 897. [336] Maout, 'Lecons Element.,' vol. ii, p. 488. [337] Poiteau and Turpin, 'Arb. Fruit,' t. 37, and Trecul, 'Bull Soc. Bot. France,' vol. i. p. 307. [338] Clos, 'Mem. Acad. Toulouse,' 5 ser., vol. iii.