From the instances cited it is clear that branching of the inflorescence occurs most frequently in those plants naturally characterised by a dense compact mode of growth, whether that be definite or indefinite, as in spikes, umbels, capitula, &c.; so that compound spikes, umbels, &c., are formed in the place of simple ones (see also prolification of the inflorescence, p. 102). [Illustration: FIG. 182.--Broccoli, with six perfect heads on one stalk ('Gard. Chron.,' 1856, Oct. 25).] =Increased number of florets= in the individual spikelets of grasses is also met with under some circumstances. I have seen this in _Hordeum_ and _Lolium_, and an instance is figured in _Avena_ by Dr. Wiegmann.[389] M. Duval Jouve[390] records a similar occurrence in _Catabrosa aquatica_, the spikelets of which contained from two to seven flowers.[391] FOOTNOTES: [379] 'Phil Bot.,' Sec. 274. [380] 'El. Ter. Veget.,' p. 392. [381] 'Bull. Acad. Belg.,' xvii, part ii, p. 38. [382] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' vol. iv, 1857. p. 760. [383] Ibid., vol. viii, 1861, p. 159. [384] See 'Gard. Chron.,' July, 1866, p. 656, and Clusius, 'Plant. Rar.,' lib. 2, p. 143, _Tulipa serotina_ [Greek: polyklades], _minor_, _&c._ Hort. Eysttett. Plant. Vern.,' fol. 12. [385] 'Jaeger de Pini sylvestris monstrositate,' Stuttgardt, 1828. [386] Cited in 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' xiv, p. 265. [387] Duval Jouve, 'Hist. Nat. Equiset. Fr.,' tab. 8, also Milde, 'Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur.,' t. xxvi, part 2. For branched inflorescence of orchids, see 'Reichenbach Proc. Lond. Bot. Congress,' 1866, p. 121. [388] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' vi, 266, vii, 457. Irmisch, 'Knollen und Zwiebelgew.,' tab. 7, figs. 10, 11. [389] 'Flora,' 1831, p. 5, tab. i; see also Hanstein, 'Flora,' 1857, p. 513. Schlechtendal, 'Bot. Zeit.,' xviii, p. 381. [390] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' ix, p. 8. [391] It will be seen, from what has been just said, that in some of the cases where the axile organs, branches, &c., appear to be multiplied, the increased number is due to subdivision rather than to renewed formation (see Fission). Of this last description is an instance which came under the writer's notice after the section relating to that subject was in print, and which may therefore here be alluded to. The instance is that of the subdivision of the leaf-like organs of _Sciadopitys verticillata_. In one instance the pseudo leaf divided, and from the division proceeded a little axis, bearing at its summit a verticil of pseudo leaves. This division and formation of new axes and verticils affords ample confirmation of the opinion thrown out by Professor Alexander Dickson, that the apparent leaves of this plant were really branches: see 'Revue Horticole,' 1867, and 'Report. Bot. Congress,' London, 1866, p. 124. CHAPTER II. MULTIPLICATION OF FOLIAR ORGANS.