_Cornus mas_ and _C. suecica_ sometimes show a triple involucre.[428] Irmish[429] records an analogous case in _Anemone Hepatica_, wherein the involucre was doubled. Similar augmentation occurs in cultivated Anemone. In addition to the plants already mentioned, Engelmann[430] mentions as having produced bracts in unwonted numbers, _Lythrum Salicaria_, _Plantago major_, _Veronica spicata_, _Echium vulgare_, _Melilotus arvensis_, and _Rubus fruticosus_. It must here be remarked that this great number of the bracts occurs naturally in such plants as _Godoya_, in which the bracts, or, as some consider them, the segments of the calyx, are very numerous, and arranged in several overlapping segments. In some of the cultivated double varieties of _Nigella_ the finely divided involucral bracts are repeated over and over again, but on a diminished scale, to the exclusion of all the other parts of the flower. =Pleiotaxy or repetition of the calyx.=--The true calyx is very seldom affected in this manner, unless such organs as the epicalyx of mallows, _Potentilla_, &c., be considered as really parts of the calyx. In _Linaria vulgaris_ Roeper observed a calyx consisting of a double series, each of five sepals, in conjunction with other changes.[431] It is also common in double columbines, delphiniums, nigellas, &c. In the 'Revue Horticole,' 1867, p. 71, fig. 9, is described and figured by M. B. Verlot a curious variety of vine grown for years in the Botanic Garden at Grenoble, under the name of the double-flowered vine. The place of the flower is occupied by a large number of successive whorls of sepals disposed in regular order, and without any trace of the other portions of the flower. It is, in fact, more like a leaf-bud than a flower. The outermost whorls of this flower open at the time when the ordinary flowers of vines do; the second series are gradually produced, and expand about the time when the ovaries of the normal flowers begin to swell; a third series then gradually forms, and so on, until frost puts a stop to the growth. This malformation, it appears, is produced annually in certain varieties of vine, and may be perpetuated by cuttings. The flower of the St. Valery apple, already alluded to under the head of sepalody, might equally well be placed here. It is not very material whether the second whorl of organs be regarded as a repetition of the calyx or as a row of petals in the guise of sepals. Engelmann[432] cites the following plants as occasionally presenting a repetition of the calyx, in most cases with a suppression of the other floral whorls:--_Stachys lanata_, _Myosotis palustris_, _Veronica media_, _Aquilegia vulgaris_, _Nigella damascena_, _Campanula rapunculoides_.