M. de Candolle[455] mentions a flower of _Gentiana purpurea_ with four carpels in one series, and five others in the circle immediately above them. Wigand[456] alludes to an instance wherein there was a second pair of carpels above the first in _Vinca herbacea_. Dr. Sankey has forwarded flowers of a _Pelargonium_ having a double series of carpels, eight in the outer row, five in the inner, and this condition is stated to exist in the flowers of the same plant for two years consecutively. In _Aquilegia_ I have met with a similar increase in the whorls of carpels.[457] Meissner records a similar augmentation in _Polygonum orientale_.[458] Wigand[459] describes and figures a flower of _Vinca minor_, in which there were two carpels intervening between the ordinary pair, and a similar illustration has been observed by the writer in _Allamanda cathartica_. Eichler[460] has put on record a similar case in a capparid. Marchand[461] mentions a polycarpellary berberid (_Epimedium Musschianum_). The supernumerary carpels in this flower were placed on a short axis, which originated in the axils of the stamens, and as these latter organs were present in their usual number and position, the adventitious carpels could not be considered as resulting from a transformation, or substitution of carpels for stamens. Lastly, the instance cited by Dr. Allman[462] in _Saxifraga Geum_ may be alluded to. Here there was a row of adventitious carpels between the stamens and pistils, the backs of the carpels being turned towards the axis of the flowers. Dr. Allman explains the presence of the supernumerary parts by the supposed production of a whorl of secondary axes between the stamens and the centre of the flower. These axes are further supposed to bear imperfect flowers, of which the additional carpels are the only traces, but this explanation seems forced. In addition to the references already cited the following may be given: Duchartre, 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 4 ser., vii, p. 23 (Tulip). Ferrari, 'Hesperides,' pp. 271, 395, 405. Duchartre, 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 4 ser., 1844, vol. i, p. 294. Maout, 'Lecons Element.,' vol. ii, pp. 488-9. Clos, 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' 1865, p. 317 (_Citrus Aurantium_). Clos, 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' vol. xiii; 'Rev. Bibl.,' p. 75. Pasquale, 'Reddicont Accad. Sc. Fis. e Math. Napoli.' Octr. 1866 (_Solanum Lycopersicum_). On the general subject of multiplication, in addition to previous citations, the reader may be referred to A. P. de Candolle, 'Theorie Element. Bot.,' ed. 3, p. 89.