[Illustration: FIG. 43.--Flower of _Oncidium cucullatum_, showing union of two lower sepals, displacement of column and lip, &c.] In a specimen of _Cypripedium_ also furnished by Mr. Anderson the appearance was as represented in the accompanying figure and diagrams, figs. 44, 45. Referring to the plan of the natural arrangement at fig. 46, it will be seen that an explanation of the peculiar appearance of the flower may be arrived at by supposing a disunion and lateral displacement of the upper segment of the outer perianth together with the complete absence of the lower one. In the second or inner whorl of the perianth the lip is merely a little oblique on one side, but the lateral petals are distorted, displaced, and adherent one to the other and to the column, while the posterior shield-like rudimentary anther is completely wanting. [Illustration: FIG. 44.--Malformed flower of _Cypripedium_.] [Illustration: FIG. 45.--Diagram of malformed _Cypripedium_. _o_, outer segments; _i_, inner segments of perianth; _e_, lip; _s_, stigma; _a_, anther.] [Illustration: FIG. 46--- Diagram showing ordinary arrangement in _Cypripedium_. _o_, outer, _i_, inner segments of perianth; _e_, lip, _a_, anther, _a'_, abortive stamen; _s_, stigma.] [Illustration: FIG. 47.--Plan of flower of _Lycaste Skinneri_ showing displacement of organs.] In a specimen of _Lycaste Skinneri_ similar changes were observed, as shown in the plan, fig. 47. Here the posterior sepal was deficient, the two lateral ones were present, one of them with a long tubular spur, _o o_; of the two lateral petals, _i i_, one was twisted out of place, so as partially to occupy the place of the deficient sepal; the lip was represented by two three-lobed segments, _l_, one above and within the other. The column and ovary of this flower were in their normal condition. Cohesion of two or more segments of the perianth is frequently associated with displacements of this nature: thus, in a flower of _Dendrobium nobile_, a diagram of which is given at fig. 48, the uppermost sepal was coherent with one of the lateral ones, and at the same time diminished in size, and, as it were, dragged out of position. All the other organs of the flower are also more or less displaced, forming a minor degree of the change already alluded to, and which Morren termed speiranthy. The changes will be better appreciated by comparing them with fig. 49, a diagram showing the natural arrangement of parts in this species. [Illustration: FIG. 48.--Plan of malformed flower of _Dendrobium nobile_.] [Illustration: FIG. 49.--Plan of natural arrangement in _Dendrobium nobile_. The x x represent processes of the column, perhaps rudiments of stamens.]