=Displacement of the placentas and ovules= is a necessary result of many of the changes to which the carpels are subject. The disjunction or dialysis of the carpels, for instance, frequently renders axile placentation marginal. Moreover, it frequently happens, when the carpels become foliaceous and their margins are disconnected, that the ovules, in place of being placed on the suture, or rather on the margins of the altered carpel, are placed on the surface of the expanded carpel. Thus, in some double flowers of _Ranunculus Ficaria_ that came under the writer's notice the carpels were open, _i.e._ disunited at the margins, and each bore two imperfect ovules upon its inner surface a little way above the base, and midway between the edges of the carpel and the midrib, the ovules being partly enclosed within a little depression or pouch, similar to the pit on the petals. On closer examination the ovules were found to spring from the two lateral divisions of the midrib, the vascular cords of which were prolonged under the form of barred or spiral fusiform tubes into the outer coating of the ovule. In this instance, then, the ovules did not originate from the margins of the leaf, nor from a prolonged axis, but they seemed to spring, in the guise of little buds, from the inner surface of the carpellary leaf.[99] The occurrence, also, of different forms of placentation in different flowers on the same plant is no unusual thing in malformed flowers; thus, in double flowers of _Saponaria officinalis_ I have met with sutural, parietal, and free central placentation in the same plant.[100] Professor Babington describes in the 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1844, p. 557, a curious flower of _Cerastium_, in which, in addition to other changes, the five carpellary leaves "were partially turned in without touching the placenta, which bears a cluster of ovules, and is perfectly clear of all connection with those partitions" (fig. 51). See also Lindley, 'Veg. Kingdom,' p. 497. [Illustration: FIG. 51.--1. Monstrous flower of a _Cerastium_; sepals and petals leafy. 2. Stamens and pistils separate. 3. Ovary cut open to show the imperfect dissepiments and the attachment of the ovules. 4. A deformed ovule.] M. Baillon[101] records flowers of _Bunias_, some with ovules on the margins of the carpels, others with a central branch bearing the ovules; hence he concludes very justly that no fair inference can be drawn from these facts as to the normal placentation of Cruciferae. The same excellent observer has recorded the occurrence of free central placentation in malformed flowers of _Trifolium repens_.[102] In malformed flowers of _Digitalis_ the change from axile to parietal placentation may often be seen. Mr. Berkeley describes an instance of this nature where the placentas were strictly parietal, and therefore receded from the distinctive characters of the order, and approximated to those of _Gesneraceae_.