Venoms: Venomous Animals and Antivenomous Serum-therapeuticsCalmette, A. (Albert)
Science
Venoms: Venomous Animals and Antivenomous Serum-therapeutics
Calmette, A. (Albert)
Antitoxins; Poisonous snakes; Toxins; Venom
“_Clinical Signs._--On examining the patient we found that the whole of
the right arm was swollen. The skin, which was of a dark red colour,
was acutely inflamed. The slightest touch or the least movement caused
the patient to cry out. The hand showed traces of the bite, in the
shape of two small red marks, each surrounded by a bluish areola. The
general condition was good. The thermometer, however, indicated a
slight rise of temperature, and the pulse seemed a little soft. The
urine on being examined on the day after the accident contained a small
quantity of albumin. Organs normal. General health before the accident
excellent. Nothing worth mentioning in the previous history.
“_Progress._--The conditions that we have just described disappeared
very quickly, once the treatment was applied. The pain soon ceased,
the temperature fell, and the patient was able to get a few hours
sleep. By the following day the inflammatory phenomena had noticeably
diminished. The œdema of the forearm and hand, however, persisted for
some time, though there was no formation of pus. On the third day after
the accident the albumin had completely disappeared from the urine.
Finally, after the lapse of a fortnight, the condition became normal,
and the convict, who had recovered the entire use of his arm, was able
to resume work.
“_Treatment._--On admission to the Infirmary, A. received a hypodermic
injection in the thorax of the contents of a bottle of antivenomous
serum. At the same time he was given tonics (alcoholised coffee). The
injured limb was placed in a hot phenic arm-bath. These baths were
continued on the following days, alternately with damp dressings. Milk
diet, and daily aperients.
“We saw the patient again more than a year after the accident; his
recovery had been complete; there was no loss of power in the arm
whatsoever, and he had never suffered from the nervous troubles
mentioned by some authors as a complication ensuing after a long
interval, and attributed by them to the antitoxic serum.”
XXXIV.--Case reported by M. Jean, Veterinary Surgeon of Artillery in
Martinique.
“C., a negro, aged 26, employed in the artillery quarters at the
Rivière d’Or, was bitten in the right leg by a snake measuring about 1
metre in length, which he declared was a _Trigonocephalus_. The patient
came to me twenty minutes after the accident. The marks of the bite
were clearly visible a hand’s breadth above the external malleolus.
The wounds were inflamed, and appeared as two small red spots 1·5 cm.
apart, from which a few drops of serum were exuding. I did not notice
any congestion. The patient, however, complained of a feeling of weight
in the leg, and supported himself upon the sound one. After making the
man lie down upon a bed, I applied a tight ligature above the bitten
part, and, with a penknife passed through a flame, I endeavoured to
incise the wounds. The instrument, however, was blunt and I obtained
but little blood.
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