_Trimeresurus gramineus_, 55. _See also Lachesis gramineus._ “ _riukianus_, 53. _See also Lachesis flavoviridis._ _Triodon_, 305. _Triton cristatus_, 313. “ _marmoratus_, 313, 314. _Tropidechis_, 94. “ _carinatus_, 94. _Tropidonotus matrix_ (grass-snake), venogen of, 151. Trypanosomes, dissolution by cobra-venom, 207. Tubriwallahs, snake-charmers of Bengal, 229. Tunis, snake-charmers of, 228. Tuxpan, natives of, inoculation methods, 235-237. Urodela, salamanders belong to order of, 312. _Urutù_, 115. _See also Lachesis neuwiedii._ Vaccination against cobra-venom, 242. “ “ snake-venom, 241. Van Denburgh, J., observations on _Heloderma horridum_, 323. Vatuas, method of inoculation of, 239. Venomous secretion, histology, 151. de Villiers, on common viper’s bite, 357. Viper, common, of Europe. See _Vipera berus_. “ horned, bite from, 349. “ inoculation of professional catchers of, in France, 234. _Vipera_, 43. “ zoological characters of, 23, 24. “ _ammodytes_, 29, 69. “ _aspis_ (asp, or red viper), 27, 28. “ “ bite from, cure, 339. “ “ poison-cells, 151. “ berus (common viper, or adder), 25, 26. “ “ devoured by hedgehogs, 222, 226. “ “ mortality from bite, 27. “ “ venom of, chemical constituency, 149, 160. “ “ “ immunity of hedgehog to, 226. “ “ “ uncertain coagulant action on blood, 189, 190. “ _latastii_, 28, 69. “ _lebetina_, 44, 69. _Vipera raddii_, 44. “ _renardi_, 44. “ _russellii_ (_daboia_, or Russell’s viper), 45, 40. “ “ muscular apparatus of head of, 11, 12. “ “ poison-gland of, 11, 12. “ “ protection against, adopted by natives, 46. “ “ venom of, coagulant action on blood, diminished when heated, 191. “ “ “ extremely potent, 46. “ “ “ dose lethal for rabbit, 175. “ “ “ ingestion causing death, 180. “ _superciliaris_, 69. “ _ursinii_, 24, 25, 44. _Viperidæ_, 5, 43, 66. “ bites of, local gangrene resulting from, 177. “ characteristics of, 5. “ geographical distribution, 6. “ poison-fangs canaliculate, 5. “ species of, bite produces grave local disorders, 168. “ sub-families of, 6. _See also Viperinæ, Crotalinæ._ “ venoms of, absorption by digestive tract sets up acute inflammation of gastric mucous membrane, 180. “ “ action on nervous centres weak, 185, 186. “ “ comparison of coagulant action on blood of various species, 190. “ “ easily destroyed by heat, 161. “ “ hæmolysing power, weak, 199. “ “ lethal effects on mammals, 171. “ “ neurotoxin present in those of some species, 249. “ “ non-dialytic, 161. “ “ produce coagulation of blood, 179, 188, 189. “ “ “ hæmorrhagic injections of peritoneum, 179, 180. “ “ recovery after non-lethal doses, slow, 177. “ “ “ “ “ followed by loss of sight, smell, or hearing, 178. “ “ recovery after non-lethal doses complicated by visceral hæmorrhages, 177, 178.