HABITAT.--Southern United States, from Virginia to the Gulf of Mexico. PROPERTIES.--A thin, colorless liquid, having a characteristic odor and taste. Soluble in three times its volume of alcohol; also soluble in an equal volume of glacial acetic acid. DOSE.--Carminative--Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 oz.; sheep and pigs, 1 to 4 dr.; dogs, 5 to 30 m. Best given in 8 to 10 times its bulk of cotton seed oil, linseed oil or milk. Anthelmintic--Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 oz.; sheep and pigs, ¹⁄₂ to 1 oz.; dogs, ¹⁄₂ to 4 dr. Diuretic--Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr. PREPARATIONS LINIMENTUM TERBINTHINAE--TURPENTINE LINIMENT Composed of resin cerate, 650 parts; oil of turpentine, 350 parts; melt the resin cerate and add the oil of turpentine. OLEUM TEREBINTHINAE RECTIFICATUM--RECTIFIED OIL OF TURPENTINE Made by slaking oil of turpentine with an equal volume of Solution of Sodium Hydroxide, and distillation. PROPERTIES.--A thin, colorless liquid, having the same properties as oil of turpentine and should be the one used for internal use. DERIVATIVES OF TURPENTINE TEREBENUM--TEREBENE Made by the action of sulphuric acid on oil of turpentine and by distillation. PROPERTIES.--A colorless, or slightly yellowish, thin liquid, having a rather agreeable thyme-like odor, and an aromatic, somewhat terebinthinated taste. Only slightly soluble in water, but soluble in three times its volume of alcohol. DOSE.--Horses and cattle, 2 to 4 dr.; dogs, 5 to 15 m. Dilute same as oil of turpentine. TERPINI HYDRAS--TERPIN HYDRATE The hydrate of the diatomic alcohol Terpin. DERIVATION.--Rectified oil of turpentine, alcohol and nitric acid are mixed together in a shallow porcelain dish, and after three or four days terpin hydrate crystallizes out. The crystals are collected, drained, dried on absorbent paper and purified by recrystallization in alcohol. PROPERTIES.--Colorless, crystals, odorless, having a somewhat bitter taste. Soluble in 200 parts of water, 10 parts of alcohol. ACTIONS.--Externally--Oil of turpentine is rubefacient, irritant and counter-irritant; vesicant if rubbed in or confined, also a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant; is absorbed by the unbroken skin. Internally--Is diuretic, stimulant, carminative, antispasmodic, hemostatic and anthelmintic; it is irritant, and large undiluted doses may cause gastro-enteritis and paralysis of nerve centers. USES.--In colic, both spasmodic and flatulent; for worms, give full doses, septic fevers; gangrene of the lungs; catarrhal conditions, pneumonia and bronchitis; as a diuretic, but others not as irritant are better.