PROPERTIES.--Yellowish-brown powder, having a slight, peculiar odor, and a somewhat acrid taste. Permanent in air. Soluble in alcohol, ether, fixed and volatile oils. DOSE.--Pigs, 30 gr. to 1 dr.; dogs, 15 to 30 gr.; cats, 5 to 15 gr. ACTION AND USES.--Jalap is a hydragogue cathartic, a vermifuge and cholagogue. By adding calomel to jalap its power is increased; jalap is more active than senna, but is less powerful and irritating than gamboge or podophyllum. Jalap may be given to expel round and thread worms; in torpidity of the liver, and in chronic constipation in dogs. PREPARATIONS PULVIS JALAPA COMPOSITUS--COMPOUND POWDER OF JALAP Composed of jalap, 35 parts; potassium bitartrate, to make 100. DOSE.--Dogs, 15 to 30 gr. RHAMNUS PURSHIANA--CASCARA SAGRADA--CALIFORNIA BUCKTHORN--CHITTEM BARK The bark of Rhamnus Persiana de Candolle (nat. ord. Rhamnaceae). Collected at least one year before being used. HABITAT.--United States from Northern Idaho west to the Pacific Ocean. PROPERTIES.--Externally the bark is reddish-brown. Internally yellowish to light brownish, becoming dark with age. Odor distinct; taste bitter and slightly acrid. CONSTITUENTS.--Three resins; a neutral body; a volatile oil; malic and tannic acids. DOSE.--Dogs, 5 to 30 gr.; cats, 1 to 5 gr. PREPARATIONS FLUIDEXTRACTUM RHAMNI PURSHIANAE--FLUIDEXTRACT OF RHAMNUS PURSHIANA Made by maceration and percolation with diluted alcohol, and evaporation. DOSE.--Dogs, 5 to 30 m.; cats, 1 to 5 m. FLUIDEXTRACTUM RHAMNI PURSHIANA AROMATICUM--AROMATIC FLUIDEXTRACT OF CASCARA SAGRADA DOSE.--Dogs, 5 to 30 m.; cats, 1 to 5 m. ACTION AND USES.--Used as a non-irritant tonic laxative or cathartic; small doses are stomachic; to overcome chronic constipation, give small repeated doses; very useful in canine practice. The aromatic fluidextract is the best preparation, and is occasionally given to dogs and cats with castor oil. RHEUM--RHUBARB The dried roots of Rheum, of which there are several species. HABITAT.--China and Thibet. PROPERTIES.--When powdered it is of a bright orange-yellow, odor characteristic; taste bitter, astringent; gritty when chewed. DOSE.--As a stomachic--Horses and cattle, 1 to 2 ozs.; sheep, 1 dr.; dogs and cats, 5 to 10 gr. As a mild purgative--Foals and calves, 1 to 2 dr.; dogs and cats, ¹⁄₂ to 2 dr.; poultry, 5 to 10 gr., in pill. PREPARATIONS FLUIDEXTRACTUM RHEI--FLUIDEXTRACT OF RHUBARB Made by maceration and percolation with alcohol and water, and evaporated. DOSE.--Same as that of rhubarb. PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS--COMPOUND POWDER OF RHUBARB--GREGORY’S POWDER Composed of rhubarb, 25 parts; magnesia, 65 parts; ginger, to make 100. DOSE.--Foals and calves, ¹⁄₂ to 1 oz.; dogs, ¹⁄₂ to 3 dr. TINCTURE RHEI AROMATICA--AROMATIC TINCTURE OF RHUBARB Composed of rhubarb, cloves, cinnamon and nutmeg. DOSE.--Calves, 2 dr. to 1 oz.; foals, 2 to 6 dr.; sheep, 4 dr. to 1 oz.; lambs, ¹⁄₂ to 2 dr.; dogs, ¹⁄₂ to 3 dr.