In the instructions issued to members of the expedition, dated "Pittsburgh, March 31, 1819," Major Long stated: "Mr. Seymour, as painter for the expedition, will furnish sketches of landscapes, whenever we meet with any distinguished for their beauty and grandeur. He will also paint miniature likenesses, or portraits if required, of distinguished Indians, and exhibit groups of savages engaged in celebrating their festivals or sitting in council, and in general illustrate any subject, that may be deemed appropriate in his art." PLATE 31 Reproduced from a photograph in the Chittenden scrapbook. (See note, pl. 19.) PLATE 32 _a._ From an original photograph furnished by Francis La Flesche. _b._ Reproduced from an illustration in Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society, 1907-1908, Vol. X. Topeka, 1908. PLATE 33 Reproduced from an engraving of the original drawing by Samuel Seymour. (See note, pl. 30, _b_.) PLATE 34 Specimens in the United States National Museum. PLATE 35 _a._ After original drawing by Friedrich Kurz. (See note, pl. 23, _b_.) _b._ Photograph of specimen now in the United States National Museum. PLATE 36 Both _a_ and _b_ are reproduced from original photographs in the United States National Museum, Washington. It is not known by whom the negatives were made. PLATE 37 From a photograph made about the year 1900, furnished by Miss Alice C. Fletcher. The structures stood near the bank of the Missouri, north of the Omahas. The photograph was reproduced as plate 18 in the Twenty-seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology. PLATE 38 _a._ From the drawing by Catlin of the original painting. This is No. 503 in Catlin's Catalogue (London, 1848), where it is described as "The Interior of a Mandan Lodge, showing the manner in which it is constructed of poles and covered with dirt. The chief is seen smoking his pipe, and his family grouped around him." _b._ After the original painting in the National Museum, Washington. This is the fourth and last of Catlin's paintings representing different scenes during the remarkable ceremony by the Mandan. No. 507 in the Catalogue, where it is referred to as "The Last Race." George Catlin. (See note, pl. 23, _a_.) PLATE 39 From the engraving of Bodmer's painting used by Maximilian. (See note, pl. 15.) PLATE 40 Reproduced from the engraving of Bodmer's painting as used by Maximilian. (See note, pl. 15.) PLATE 41 Two wooden bowls and a pottery vessel collected among the Mandan. Specimens in the United States National Museum. PLATE 42 Examples of spoons, one made of a buffalo horn, the other formed from a horn of a mountain sheep, now in the United States National Museum. PLATE 43 Reproduction of the original painting by Catlin, now in the United States National Museum, Washington. It is No. 383 in Catlin's Catalogue, described as "Minatarree Village, earth-covered lodges, on Knife River, 1,810 miles above St. Louis."