Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval HistoryVinogradoff, Paul
History
Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval History
Vinogradoff, Paul
Villeinage -- England -- History -- To 1500
I have found in the Hundred Rolls the expression _Sockemanemot_ to
designate a court attended by free sokemen[794], and it may be suggested
that the formation of the so-called Court Baron may have been
facilitated by the peculiar constitution and customs of those courts
where the unfree element was almost entirely absent. The Danish shires
and Kent could not but exercise a certain influence on the adjoining
counties. However this might be, the general rule is, undoubtedly, that
no division is admitted, and that all the suitors and affairs are
concentrated in the one manorial court--the _halimot_.
[The halimot.]
It met generally once every three weeks, but it happens sometimes that
it is called together without a definite limit of time at the pleasure
of the lord[795]. Cases like that of the manors of the Abbey of Ramsey,
in which the courts are summoned only twice a year, are quite
exceptional, and in the instance cited the fact has to be explained by
the existence of an upper court for these estates, the court of the
honour of Broughton[796]. The common suitors are the peasants living
within the manor--the owners of holdings in the fields of the manor. In
important trials, when free men are concerned, or when a thief has to be
hanged, suitors are called in from abroad--mostly small free tenants who
have entered into an agreement about a certain number of suits to the
court[797]. These foreign suitors appear once every six weeks, twice a
year, for special trials upon a royal writ, for the hanging of
thieves[798], etc. The duty of attending the court is constantly
mentioned in the documents. It involved undoubtedly great hardships,
expense, and loss of time: no wonder that people tried to exempt
themselves from it as much as possible[799]. Charters relating to land
provide for all manner of cases relating to suit of court. We find it
said, for instance, that a tenant must make his appearance on the next
day after getting his summons, even if it was brought to him at
midnight[800]. When a holding was divided into several parts, the most
common thing was that one suit remained due from the whole[801]. All
these details are by no means without importance, because they show that
fiscal reasons had as much to do with the arrangement of these meetings
as real interests: every court gave rise to a number of fines from
suitors who had made default.
[Procedure of the halimot.]
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