Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval HistoryVinogradoff, Paul
History
Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval History
Vinogradoff, Paul
Villeinage -- England -- History -- To 1500
The manor was divided into six hamlets, and every one of these consisted
of eight virgates of land which were originally held by single socmen;
although the regularity of the arrangement seems to have been broken up
very soon in consequence of increase of population, extension of the
cultivated area, and the sale of small parcels of the holdings. The
socmen met anciently to hold courts in a place called Motstowehill, and
afterwards in a house which was built for the purpose by the Abbot. The
way in which the Register speaks of the admission of a socman to his
holding is very characteristic: 'Every heir succeeding to his father
ought to be admitted to the succession in his fifteenth year, and let
him pay relief to the lord, that is, pay twice his rent. And he will
give judgments with his peers the socmen; and become reeve for the
collection of the lord's revenue, and answer to writs and do everything
else as if he was of full age at common law.' The duty and right to give
judgment in the Court of Stoneleigh is emphatically stated on several
occasions, and altogether the jurisdictional independence of the court
and of its suitors is set before us in the smallest but always
significant details. If somebody is bringing a royal close writ of right
directed to the bailiffs of the manor it cannot be opened unless in full
court. When the bailiff has to summon anybody by order of the court he
takes two socmen to witness the summons. Whenever a trial is terminated
either by some one's default in making his law or by non-defence the
costs are to be taxed by the court. The alienation of land and
admittance of strangers are allowed only upon the express consent of the
court[826]. In one word, every page of the Stoneleigh Register shows a
closely and powerfully organised community, of which the lord is merely
a president.
[Rolls of King's Ripton.]
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