Terrorism, doctrine of, brought into Western Europe by Bakounin, 4, 9-10, 17 ff.; set forth in "Revolutionary Catechism" by Bakounin and Nechayeff, 19-22; practical introduction of, in insurrections of the early seventies, 28 ff., 41-44; criticism of, by socialists, 40; advent of the Propaganda of the Deed, and resultant acts of violence in Italy, 50-55; carried into Germany, Austria-Hungary, and France, 56-60; doctrine of, spread in America by Johann Most, 65-68; protest voiced by Tucker, American anarchist, against terrorist tactics, 70-74; failure of, to take deep root in America, 75-76; acts of, committed by anarchists in France, 77-89; causes of, 90 ff.; due to hysteria and pseudo-insanity, 93-94; wrong attitude of society as to corrective measures, 94-98; burden of, placed by Catholics on socialism, 98-101; glorification of, in annals of history, 101; egoistic conception of history carried to an extreme in, 102-106; caused by corruption of courts and oppressive laws, 107-108; complicity of criminality and, 109; use of, by European governments, 110-120, 219 ff.; introduced into the International by Bakounin, and struggles of Marxists against, 154-193; part played by, in Bismarck's war on social democracy, 213, 217, 218; attempts of Bismarck to provoke, 219 ff.; reaction of, on Bismarck, 227; employed by ruling class in America, by means of private detectives and special police, 276-324. Thompson, William, 130. Tolstoi, Berth's characterization of, 241. Tortellier, French agitator and anarchist, 231; declaration of, against political action, 232. Trade unions, at basis of Spanish revolution of 1873, 39; entrance into, of anarchism, resulting in syndicalism, 231 ff. _See_ Labor movement. Tucker, Benjamin R., New York anarchist, quoted on "The Beast of Communism," 70-74. U United States, unsettled conditions in, after panic of 1873, 62-64; development of socialist and trade-union organizations in, 64; Bakounin's terrorist ideas brought to, by Johann Most, 65; acts of violence in, 67-70; protests of anarchists of, against terrorism, 70-74; failure of anarchism to take firm root in, 75; anarchism of the powerful in, 280 ff.; system of extra-legal police agents in, 281-291, 311 ff.; account of tragic episodes in history of labor disputes in, 291-311; abetting by the State of mercenary anarchists in, 322-325; figures of socialist and labor vote in, 328; socialists of, wholly lacking in representation in Congress, 330, 333; conditions in, calculated to retard progress of socialist and labor movement, 332-333. Universal German Working Men's Association, organization of, 209. Utopian socialism destroyed by Marx's scientific socialism, 144. V Vaillant, August, French terrorist, 79, 82-84, 104. Valzania, Italian revolutionist, 42. Vincenzo, Tomburri, Italian revolutionist, 54. Violence, analysis of causes of, 90-122. _See_ Terrorism.