{127d} Voltaire’s _Essai sur les Mœurs et l’Esprit des Nations_, tome xviii. p. 44. {128a} Hall’s _Chronicles_ (edit. of 1809), fo. 256. {128b} Shakespeare’s _Third Part of King Henry VI._ act ii. scene 5. {131a} The paper upon the Field of the Battle of Tewkesbury was read before a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries of London, on the 8th of March, 1855, and the thanks of the meeting were voted for it to the author. {131b} I have paid six visits to the field of battle—two in May 1854, two in May 1856, and two in May 1856. {131c} The authorities for the historical part of this paper are Hall, Holinshed, Stow, Speed; Leland’s _Collectanea_, vol. ii.; Grafton, Baker, Dugdale, Sandford, and Ralph Brooke. {132a} The 13th of April is mentioned by some, and the 14th of April by other writers, as the day on which Margaret landed. If, as is probable, it occurred on the 14th of April, it was the same day as that on which the battle of Barnet was fought. {132b} Queen Margaret, usually called Margaret of Anjou, was daughter of René Duke of Anjou, and was married to Henry VI. on the 22nd of April, 1445.—See Chap. III. {132c} Edward Prince of Wales was the only child of King Henry VI. and Queen Margaret (usually called Margaret of Anjou). He was born in the King’s Palace at Westminster, on the 13th of October, 1453, in the thirty-first year of Henry VI., and was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on the 15th of March, in the thirty-second year of his father’s reign. At the age of seventeen, he was affianced in France to Anne Neville, the second daughter of Richard Earl of Warwick, called the King-Maker. The murder of Prince Edward, immediately after the battle of Tewkesbury, will be noticed further on in this chapter. After his death, Anne his widow was married to Richard Duke of Gloucester, afterwards King Richard III.—See Pedigree No. 1, Chap. IX.