Visits to Fields of Battle, in England, of the Fifteenth Century: to which are added, some miscellaneous tracts and papers upon archæological subjectsBrooke, Richard
History
Visits to Fields of Battle, in England, of the Fifteenth Century: to which are added, some miscellaneous tracts and papers upon archæological subjects
Brooke, Richard
Battlefields -- England; Great Britain -- History -- Wars of the Roses, 1455-1485
There is one point in the plans of the Lancastrians connected with this
battle, for which it is very difficult to account. Why, with superior
forces, did they act on the defensive? It is very easy to understand,
that the Lancastrians retired from before London, and proceeded
northward, after the junction of the forces of Edward with those of the
Earl of Warwick, in consequence of the then superiority of the Yorkists;
but, if as we are told, the Lancastrians shortly afterwards mustered for
the battle of Towton about 60,000 men, and the Yorkists only about 48,660
men, we should naturally have expected that the Lancastrians would have
been the assailants. It seems contrary to good policy, in military
affairs, to wait with a superior force to be attacked. Such a general as
Cromwell, Marlborough, or Wellington, if commanding a force tolerably
equal, would not have waited for the attack of an enemy. With the
exception, however, of the bold, and at first the successful, exploit by
Lord Clifford, at Ferrybridge, the Lancastrians were not the assailing,
but the defensive parties. {122a} They did not even, as far as we are
informed, attempt either to support Lord Clifford at Ferrybridge, or to
succour him at Dintingdale, where he was slain, and his forces defeated.
{122b} Yet that place was only about a mile and a half from Towton; and
the shouts of the combatants would be within hearing of the main body of
the Lancastrian army. The victors may possibly have exaggerated the
number of the Lancastrians, in order to enhance the merit of the victory.
If some such reason cannot be given, it seems only left to ascribe their
remaining on the defensive, either to ignorance of the numbers of their
enemies, or to want of judgment on the part of the Lancastrian
commanders.
Saxton is a parish containing the townships of Towton and
Saxton-cum-Scarthingwell; the living is a perpetual curacy; and Saxton
Church is dedicated to “All Saints.”
A great number of the slain were interred, as has been before mentioned,
in a large trench or pit, on the north side of, and close to, the church.
In June, 1848, a short time prior to my first visit to Towton, their
bones were exposed to view, when making a vault for the interment of a
son of John Kendall, Esq., of Towton Hall. {122c} The trench runs from
east to west. Besides which, only a few years before that discovery,
another vault was made, nearer to the east than that of Mr. Kendall, and
also on the north side of the church, and the workmen found a similar
deposit of bones, about four feet below the surface; so that there can be
no doubt that the bones of hundreds of men were buried in a continuous
trench extending along that part of the churchyard. {123a} It has been
already mentioned, that the teeth in the skulls found there were sound
and entire, showing that they had belonged to persons who had died either
young or in the prime of life.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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