Vocational Psychology: Its Problems and MethodsHollingworth, Harry L. (Harry Levi)
Science
Vocational Psychology: Its Problems and Methods
Hollingworth, Harry L. (Harry Levi)
Psychophysiology
1. Preliminary trial designated 1st trial
2. Median of first 5 trials designated 5th trial
3. Median of trials 20 to 25 designated 25th trial
4. Median of trials 75 to 80 designated 80th trial
5. Median of trials 200 to 205 designated 205th trial
At each of these points the thirteen individuals were arranged in an order
of relative ability for each of the tests, and these orders were correlated
with each other. Table 23 gives, for each test, at each point, the average
correlation with all the other tests, and also the grand average
correlations of all tests.
TABLE 23
SHOWING THE AVERAGE CORRELATION OF EACH TEST WITH ALL OTHERS, AT VARIOUS
POINTS IN THE CURVE OF PRACTICE
--------------------------------------------------------------
Trial|Adding|Opposites| Color|Discrim-|Coordi-|Tapping| Final
| | |Naming| ination| nation| |Average
-----+------+---------+------+--------+-------+-------+-------
1 | .19 | .10 | .15 | -.07 | -.15 | .17 | .065
5 | .41 | .26 | .15 | .35 | .21 | .32 | .280
25 | .50 | .35 | .43 | .27 | .03 | .35 | .320
80 | .55 | .43 | .53 | .31 | .18 | .34 | .390
205 | .48 | .62 | .61 | .35 | .34 | .52 | .490
--------------------------------------------------------------
Except in the case of discrimination the effect of practice is to increase
to a marked degree the intercorrelations of the various tests. Adding
increases steadily up to the eightieth trial. Opposites and color naming
gain even more steadily to the very end of the experiment, the increase in
the coefficients being four to six fold. Tapping increases more slowly but
no less certainly. In coordination the increase is very irregular, but the
coefficients show, on the whole, a change from -.15 at the first trial to
.34 at the finish. Only in the case of discrimination is there failure to
increase after the fifth trial. In no case, after the preliminary trial, is
there a negative coefficient among the average correlations, and indeed in
only one case is there a coefficient smaller than .15. The final averages
show steady increase from .065 at the preliminary to .28 at the fifth, .32
at the twenty-fifth, .39 at the eightieth, and .49 at the
two-hundred-and-fifth trials. _With practice, then, the average
correlations of all tests become positive, and the coefficients become
greater the longer the practice is continued._
In producing this increase in the intercorrelation of specific abilities
through the medium of practice, at least three different factors probably
cooperate. These factors have not an equal significance for vocational
psychology and its interests in tests.
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