Hearing, 101, 236-250 difference in animals, 101 highest limit of, 102 lower limit of, 102 Helmholtz, 167 Hygiene, 33, 72, 92, 93, 251-275 Hyoid bone, 81, 95 I Illustration of principles, 27, 28 Impulses, 236 Inhibitions, 184 Inspiration, 48, 51, 71 Intonation, 195, 196, 230 correct position for good, 131 Italian language, 198 K Knowledge, principle of, 34 L Larynx, 60, 74-96, 136, 148, 258 anatomy of, 21 as a musical instrument, 102 change in size of, 111 control over, 112 difference in size, 110 growth of, 138 in action, 109 in singing and speaking, 198 muscles of, 81, 95 of the male 138 photography of, 161 physiology of, 21 ventricle of, 80 vibrations of, 96 whole, 94 Laryngoscope, 91, 103, 136 Ligamentous glottis, 157 Lips, 202 Lungs, 49, 63 Lymph, 37 M Mackenzie, Sir Morell, 156, 167, 168 Mara, Madame, range of, 111 Marcato production, 209 Marchesi, Madame, teaching of, 159 Men, register of, 234 Messages, Auditory, 250 Methods, correct, 22, 23 faulty, 32 Middle production, 214 Midriff, see diaphragm Mind, 210 Mirror, use of, 235 Mouth, as a resonance chamber, 221 resonator, 148 cavity, 149 respiration, 131 toilet of, 262 Movements, 192 Muscles, 36, 82 abdominal, 66 Muscular action, 71 mechanism, 42 movements, 179 Music, 243 appreciation of, 247 intellectuality in, 256 intelligence in, 108 interpretation of, 21 Musical artist, 198 ear, 31 prodigy, 243 faculty develops early, 115 faults, 258 sounds, practical range of, 102 tones, 231 Musician, fundamental qualities of, 246 N Nasal chambers, 144, 149, 214 Nasality, 231 Nerve-cells, 38 Nervous centres, 39 impulses, 244, 250 system, 38 Nervousness, 274 Neuro-muscular mechanisms, 17, 42, 181 processes, 183 system, 43 New language, learning of, 224 Noise, 218 O Open mouth, 203, 204, 217 Ordinary speech, 230 Overtones, 231, 235 P Palate, cleft, 149 hard, 149, 213 soft, 145, 214, 216, 231 Phonation, 192, 193 breath in, 130 example of, 193 Physics, principles of involved, 135 Physiological considerations, 34-43 teachings, 26, 31 Piano production, 259 Pillars of the fauces, 145 Pitch, 101, 136, 150, 214 favorite, 273 Portamento production, 258 Practical considerations, 88 Practice, 132, 185-192 best time to, 186, 187 by wrong method, 191 for sustained tone, 132 methods of, 194 Puberty, at, 112, 138 in boys, 114, 115 in girls, 113 Public singing, age to begin, 115 speaking, 212 Pumping, 259 Q Quality, 101, 136, 214 R R and s, interval between, 225 Reed, long, 157 short, 157 Reflex action, 40 Reflexes, associated, 183 protective character of, 58, 59 sets of, 184 Register, 233 change in, 169, 177 chest, 160 definition of, 176 in female voices, 160 of basses and barytones, 170 of tenors, 170