Volcanoes: What They are and What They TeachJudd, John W. (John Wesley)
Science
Volcanoes: What They are and What They Teach
Judd, John W. (John Wesley)
Volcanoes
We have already pointed out that there are reasons for believing the
internal portions of our globe to be composed of materials similar to
those found in meteorites. If such be the case, the access of water
to these metallic substances may result in the formation of oxides,
attended with a great local development of heat, the hydrogen which
is liberated being at once absorbed by the surrounding metallic
substances. That this oxidation of the metallic substances in the
interior of our globe by the access of water and air from the surface
is continually going on, can scarcely be doubted. We may even look
forward to a far-distant period when the whole of the liquid and
gaseous envelopes of the globe shall have been absorbed into its
substance, and our earth thereby reduced to the condition in which we
now find the moon to be.
There is a second method by which high temperatures might be locally
developed within the earth's crust, which has been suggested by Vose,
Mallet, and other authors.
We have good grounds for believing that the temperature of our globe
is continually diminishing by its radiation of heat into space. This
cooling of our globe is attended by contraction, which results in
movements of portions of its crust. It may at first sight appear that
such movements would be so small and insignificant as to be quite
unworthy of notice. But if we take into account the vast size of our
earth it will be seen that the movements of such enormous masses may be
attended with the most wonderful results.
It has been shown that if a part of the earth's crust fifty miles in
thickness were to have its temperature raised 200° Fahrenheit, its
surface would be raised to the extent of 1,000 or 1,500 feet Le Conte
has pointed out that if we conceive the conduction of heat to take
place at slightly different rates along different radii of our globe,
we should at once be able to account for the existing inequalities of
the earth's surface, and for all those continental movements which can
be shown to have taken place in past geological periods.
[Sidenote: DYNAMICAL THEORIES.]
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