Volcanoes: What They are and What They TeachJudd, John W. (John Wesley)
Science
Volcanoes: What They are and What They Teach
Judd, John W. (John Wesley)
Volcanoes
But in the majority of the more solidly-built composite volcanoes no
such liquid reservoir can be formed within the volcanic cone itself.
Under these circumstances, the lavas, especially those of more liquid
character, tend to force passages for themselves among the rocks
through which they are extruded. Wherever a weak point exists, there
such lavas will find their way, and as the planes of stratification
in sedimentary rocks constitute such weak places, we constantly find
sheets of lava thus inserted between beds of aqueous origin. The areas
over which these intrusive sheets of rock sometimes extend may be very
great, but the more fusible, basic lavas (basalt, &c.) usually form
much more widely-spreading sheets than the less fusible, acid lavas.
In some cases these great intrusive sheets are found extending to a
distance of twenty or thirty miles from the centre at which they were
ejected, and they often follow the bedding of the strata with which
they are intercalated in so regular a manner, that it is difficult for
an observer to believe at first sight that they can have been formed in
the way which we have described. A closer examination will generally
reveal the fact that while these intrusive lava-sheets retain their
parallelism with the strata among which they have been intruded, over
considerable areas, yet they sometimes break across, or send offshoots
into them, as shown in fig. 56. In all cases, too, the rocks lying
above and below such sheets will be found to be more or less baked and
altered, and this affords a very convincing evidence of the intrusion
of the igneous mass between the strata so altered.
[Illustration: Fig. 56.--Sheets of Igneous Rock (Basalt) intruded
between beds of sandstone, clay, and limestone. (Island of Skye.)]
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