Saint Petersburg, foundation of, by Peter the Great, 111, 112 Sapieha, Princess, head of one of the rival factions in Lithuania, 69, 133 Saxony, entered by Charles XII, 117; tax levied on, 118; his method for protecting the inhabitants from the ill-conduct of his soldiers, 118, 119; his absolute rule over, 120 Schullemburg, Count, in command of Augustus’s troops, 104; his plan of formation in battle, 104, 105; he saves his army, 106; statue erected to him by Venetian Republic, 106; his defeat by General Renschild at Frauenstadt, 115, 116 Silesia, Charles XII demands restitution of privileges to its Protestant subjects, 139, 140 Siniawski, Grand General, his ambition, 134; heads a third party against Augustus and Stanislas, 134, 135; joins party of Augustus, 200 Sobiesky, Alexander, refuses crown of Poland, 92, 93 Sobiesky, Jacques, partisans of, 70, 72; carried off by Saxon soldiers, 90 Stade, bombarded and burnt by the Danes, 280; General Steinbock’s revenge, 283 Stanislas Leczinski, appointed deputy to Charles XII by assembly at Warsaw, 97; his character, 98; nominated King of Poland, _ib._; finally elected, 99; attacked in Warsaw, 101; joined by Charles XII, 103; his victory over Augustus, 106; his coronation, 109; Poland entered by Peter the Great during his absence, 132; his return to, and popularity, 134; Pope releases the people from their oath of allegiance to, 200; agrees to treaty of the Hague, 203; taken prisoner in the Turkish dominions and carried to Bender, 269; his efforts on behalf of Charles XII, 270; willingly abdicates the throne of Poland for the public good, 270; disguises himself and tries to reach the King of Sweden, 271; is taken and well treated, 272; Fabricius allowed to bring him a message from Charles XII, 272; Pasha sends him an Arabian horse, 273; Sultan finally releases him, _ib._; Charles XII assigns him the revenue of the Duchy of Deux Ponts, 288; retires to Weissemburg, 289 Steinbock, General, heads an army, chiefly composed of raw recruits, to pursue the Danes, 207; cuts the enemy to pieces, 208; defends Pomerania, 280; his victory over the Danes and Saxons at Gadebesck, 280, 281; he burns Altena, 282; his answer to complaints of his cruelty, 283; loses his army and is taken prisoner, 284 Stralsund, siege of, 304-311 Sweden, its climate, 3; its fauna, 4; its soil, 5; its ancient constitution, 5, 6; conquered by Margaret of Valdemar, 6; its later history, _ib._; treaty of Russia, Denmark and Poland against, 34; its government by a Regency during Charles XII’s absence, 206; loses all her foreign possessions, 295, 298; scarcity of male population in, 298; people heavily taxed, 313; their readiness to help the king, _ib._