Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of SwedenVoltaire
Philosophy
Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden
Voltaire
Charles XII, King of Sweden, 1682-1718
In the meantime, he took up a position within some miles of the town,
and would often advance too near the ramparts to reconnoitre; the plain
coat that he always wore was of greater service to him than he had ever
expected on these dangerous walks; it protected him from being marked
out by the enemy for a shot. One day, when he had gone very near with
one of his generals, called Lieven, who was dressed in blue trimmed
with gold, he feared that he would be seen. With the magnanimity which
was natural to him, which prevented him from remembering that he was
exposing his own life for a subject, he told Lieven to walk behind
him. Lieven, realizing too late the mistake he had made in putting on
a noticeable uniform which brought those near him also into risk, and
being equally afraid for the King’s safety in whatever place he was,
hesitated as to whether he ought to obey him. While he was debating
with himself for a second, the King took him by the arm, and screened
him: at that very instant a discharge of cannon took them in the flank,
and struck the general dead on the very spot which the King had just
left. The death of this man, killed directly in his stead, and because
he was trying to save him, confirmed him in the opinion he had always
had about predestination, and made him believe that his fate which had
saved him under such extraordinary circumstances was reserving him for
the execution of great designs.
All his schemes succeeded, and he was equally fortunate in negotiations
and in war; his influence was felt throughout the whole of Poland, for
his Grand Marshal Renschild was in the heart of those dominions with a
large section of the army. Nearly 30,000 generals, scattered through
the north and east on the Russian frontier, withstood the efforts of
the whole Russian Empire; and Charles was in the west, at the other end
of Poland, at the head of picked troops.
The King of Denmark, tied down by the treaty of Travendal, which he
was too weak to break, remained quiet. He was prudently afraid of
showing his vexation at seeing the King of Sweden so near his estates.
Further, towards the south-west, between the Elbe and Weser, lay the
Duchy of Bremen, the last territory formerly acquired by the Swedes,
filled with strong garrisons, and opening the way for the conqueror to
Saxony and the Empire. Thus from the German Ocean almost to the Gulf
of Borysthenes, that is, across the whole breadth of Europe, and up to
the gates of Moscow, all was in consternation, and a general revolution
was imminent. His vessels were masters of the Baltic, and employed in
transporting prisoners from Poland into his own country. Sweden alone,
at peace during these great doings, was rejoicing in deep peace, and in
the glory of her King, for which she did not have to pay the price, for
his victorious troops were maintained at the expense of the conquered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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