Jupiter (Planet) -- Photographs from space; Jupiter probes; Voyager Project
The most obvious features in the atmosphere of Jupiter, after the banded
belts and zones, are the Great Red Spot and the three white ovals. These
have often been described as “storms” in Jupiter’s atmosphere. The ovals
are about the size of the Moon, and the Red Spot is larger than the
Earth. Voyager has revealed that in many respects the white ovals, which
formed in 1939, resemble their ancient red relative. All four spots are
southern hemispheric anticyclonic features that exhibit counterclockwise
motion; hence they are meteorologically similar. Other smaller bright
elliptical and circular spots also exhibit anticyclonic motion, rotating
clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the
southern hemisphere. In general, these features are circled by
filamentary rings that are darker than the spots they surround. Hints of
interior spiral structure can be seen in some of these spots. All the
elliptical features in the southern hemisphere lie to the south of the
strong westward-blowing jet streams. The spots tend to become rounder
the closer they are to the poles.
Along the northern edge of the equator are a number of cloud plumes,
which appear to be regularly spaced all around the planet. Some of the
plumes have been observed to brighten rapidly, which may be an
indication of convective activity; indeed, some of the plume structures
seem to resemble the convective storms that form in the Earth’s tropics.
The plumes travel eastward at speeds ranging from about 100 to 150
meters per second, but they do not move as a unit.
[Illustration: The Great Red Spot of Jupiter is a magnificent sight,
whether viewed in normal or exaggerated color. These pictures were
taken by Voyager 1 at a range of about 1 million kilometers; the
area shown is about 25 000 kilometers, with features visible on the
originals that are as small as 30 kilometers across. The Red Spot is
partly obscured on the north by a thin layer of overlying ammonia
cirrus cloud. South of the Red Spot is one of the three white ovals,
which are also anticyclonic vortices in the atmosphere.]
[Illustration: This frame is in natural color. [P-21430C]]
[Illustration: The red and blue have been greatly exaggerated in
this frame to bring out fine detail in the cloud structure.
[P-21431C]]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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