Jupiter (Planet) -- Photographs from space; Jupiter probes; Voyager Project
Changes in Jupiter’s cloud formations became noticeable long before
July. After a gap of six weeks following the first flyby, Voyager 2’s
observatory phase began on April 24, 1979, seventy-six days before its
July 9 encounter with Jupiter. During this time, the spacecraft’s
ultraviolet and fields and particles instruments studied the Jovian
system and its interaction with the solar wind. Between April 24 and May
27, Voyager 2’s imaging system concentrated on the motions in Jupiter’s
atmosphere, creating another approach time-lapse “movie.” From May 27 to
29 photographs were taken in a more rapid sequence, showing the planet
during five 10-hour rotations. From these studies it was apparent that
Garry Hunt’s prediction had been right—the weather _had_ changed by
July. A month before the encounter JPL’s Voyager Bulletin—Mission Status
Report announced that “Jupiter is sporting quite a different face than
it did just four months ago. The bright ‘tongue’ extending upward from
the Red Spot is interacting with a thin, bright cloud above it that has
traveled twice around Jupiter in four months.” The turbulent region west
of the Great Red Spot had begun to break up and separate from the Red
Spot. The white ovals south of the Red Spot had drifted to the east
(about 0.35 degrees a day), while the Red Spot itself had drifted west
(about 0.26 degrees a day). The white zone seen just south of the Red
Spot by Voyager 1 had become very narrow—like a thin white line just
barely outlining the bottom of the spot. The Red Spot had also changed:
It had become a more uniform orange-red, perhaps reverting to the color
seen by Pioneers 10 and 11. The brown spots that had been seen in the
north temperate region at the same longitude as the Red Spot were now on
the other side of the planet. A dark brown spot not present during the
Voyager 1 flyby had developed along the northern edge of the brown
equatorial region on the Red Spot side of the planet. Some of the white
markings that seemed to have protruded into the equatorial region at the
time of the first flyby were missing in the Voyager 2 photographs.
As Voyager 2 entered the far encounter period on May 29, all instruments
on the spacecraft (except for the photopolarimeter) seemed to be in good
shape for encounter. As was the case with Voyager 1, the polarization
wheel on Voyager 2’s photopolarimeter was stuck, so the instrument was
able to obtain only color photometry measurements.
[Illustration: In early June, as Voyager 2 carried out its
observatory phase, additional changes in Jupiter’s face began to be
apparent. These two images, taken from a distance of 24 million
kilometers, have a resolution of about 500 kilometers.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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