[63] These philosophers are called properly _Joqui_; from _Joga_, community; under which name is understood people who have every thing in common. In the Samscred they are named _Gòsuàmi_, from _Go_ a cow, and _Suami_ a lord; consequently lords of the cow: for they are accustomed to besprinkle and paint their bodies with dried cow’s dung. They are known also by a more ancient Samscred name, viz. _Samanà_ or _Shamanà_, that is, the Mild; for they kill no animal, cut no plants, and never eat fish, but feed merely on rice, wild herbs, roots and fruit. They live together in company, under a common chief or teacher, who in the Samscred is called _Guru_. As true gymnosophists, they go quite naked, and sleep on the ground, having nothing under them but mats made of palm leaves interwoven with each other. They avoid all intercourse with the world; study philosophy, theogony, botany and astronomy, and have written a great many treatises on these sciences in the Indian languages. They are real stoics, and often impose upon themselves the severest penances. They are mentioned by Cicero, Plutarch, Clemens of Alexandria, and Arrian. The last author says, besides other things respecting them, that they were accustomed to walk down into the sea at Cape Comari, in order to purify themselves;--a custom which they have retained to this day. _A._----These _Dschoqui_ or _Jogui_ are therefore the followers of the old Indian philosophers called Samanæi. Because they went naked, they were called by the Greeks gymnosophists, that is, naked philosophers. _F._ [64] This conduct of Fra Paolino seems rather unevangelical and harsh, and to have been somewhat in the style of a Boanerges, or those sons of thunder who wished to call down fire immediately from heaven. Our zealous monk procured full power from the magistrate in order to execute his inquisitorial sentence. This, no doubt, cost him a considerable sum of money, and must have been charged under the head of _secret service_. Instead of advice and admonition, the monk administered a sound beating! This may properly be called obeying the command: _Compelle illos intrare!_ The other means by which the Indians are converted to the Catholic religion, are no doubt of the same kind as this church discipline. _F._