That fruit, called in the Malabar language _Tenga_, and in the Samscred _Sasyaga_, is a large nut produced by the real palm-tree, or _Tengamaram_. When the young trees are carefully watered, they bear a number of such nuts at the end of five years. This tree and its fruit supply almost every thing necessary for the wants of man. Small ships, houses and roofs are formed of the trunk. Of the husk of the nut ropes are made; and the shell is employed for dishes and spoons. If the fruit be not quite ripe, the milk in it affords an excellent, cooling, and very wholesome beverage. When the milk is converted into a kernel, an oil is expressed from it. The sap which flows from the branches, gives the agreeable well-tasted _Sura_; and, when distilled, becomes a kind of brandy. If it be placed in the sun, with the addition of a little _Nella_, it is converted into strong vinegar. Of the tender bark of the tree, a sort of coarse linen is prepared. If the kernel be bruised while young, a kind of sweet cream will be obtained; and the pith extracted from the upper young shoots of the tree is employed for preparing the so called _Aciara_, a kind of confection which is eaten with rice. The substance which remains after the oil has been expressed from the kernel, and which is known by the name of _Pinàca_, supplies food for swine, ducks and poultry. In a word, I have reckoned up forty different properties which this tree possesses, and which are all useful to man. Ginger grows at _Cadaturutti_, _Adirampushe_, _Codamalur_, and, in general, in districts to which the seawater cannot penetrate. The small black pepper is a kind of ivy, planted for the most part at the bottom of trees, the trunks of which are tall. Large forests of it may be found at _Aragoshe_, _Poròtta_, _Valaya_, _Vaypur_, and every where at the foot of the Gauts, where the soil is black, rich, argillaceous, and hot. The wild cinnamon grows in gardens as well as in the woods; and it is not improbable that it would equal in goodness that produced in the island of Ceylon, were it treated with proper care. The coffee plant propagates readily in the gardens and groves, and is not easily extirpated where it has once taken root; but it is not cultivated by the natives of Malabar, who bestow their attention on other productions of more utility. The different kinds of wood known under the names of _Teka_, _Viti_, _Ayani_, and _Ciaca_ or _Plava_, all grow on the mountains. The _Teka_ wood is employed chiefly for building houses and ships. Of the _Viti_ commodes, small tables, side-boards and bureaus are made. The forests are let upon lease by the king. The principal lessee of these kinds of wood, during my stay in India, was _Mattu Taraguen_, a Christian native, possessed of great property.