“Now, what is our method? ‘In order to break-in the animal to draught, we put a collar round his neck, a crupper under his tail, a pad on his back, a strap round his belly, with traces at his sides; and, lest he should see that, though these things tickle and pinch, they have not power to do more, the poor intelligent creature is blinded with blinkers, and in this fearful state of ignorance, with a groom or two at his head, and another at his side, he is, without his knowledge, fixed to the pole and splinter-bar of a carriage. If he kick, even at a fly, he suddenly receives a heavy punishment which he does not comprehend; something has struck him, and has hurt him severely; but, as fear magnifies all danger, so, for aught we know or care, he may fancy that the splinter-bar which has cut him is some hostile animal, and expects, when the pole bumps against his legs, to be again assailed in that direction. Admitting that in time he gets accustomed to these phenomena--becoming, what we term, steady in harness, still, to the last hour of his existence, he does not clearly understand what it is that is hampering him, or what is that rattling noise which is always at his heels;--the sudden sting of the whip is a pain with which he gets but too well acquainted, yet the _unde derivatur_ of the sensation he cannot explain--he neither knows when it is coming, nor what it comes from. If any trifling accident or even irregularity occurs--if any little harmless strap which ought to rest upon his back happens to fall to his side, the unfortunate animal, deprived of his eyesight, the natural lanterns of the mind, is instantly alarmed; and, though from constant heavy draught he may literally, without metaphor, be on his last legs, yet if his blinkers should happen to fall off, the sight of his own dozing master, of his own pretty mistress, and of his own fine yellow chariot in motion, would scare him so dreadfully, that off he would probably start, and the more they all pursued him the faster would he fly!’” [Illustration: _PLATE XLIII_ _Page 189._ Four Horse Harness.] DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XLIII. 1. Face-strap. 2. Terret for the leader’s rein. 3. Leader’s rein. 4. Head-piece. 5. Hame-strap. 6. Bearing-rein hook. 7. Winker. 8. Cheek-strap. 9. Nose-strap. 10. Rosette. 11. Throat-lash. 12. Bearing-rein roller. 13. Front piece, or fore-top. 14. Bearing-rein. 15. Hames. 16. Hame-tug. 17. Collar. 18. Hame-terret. 19. Wheeler’s rein. 20. Crupper. 21. Pad. 22. Terret for wheeler’s rein. 23. Belly-band. 24. Trace-bearer. 25. Trace-buckle. 26. Trace. 27. False belly-band. 28. Bit. 29. Swivel-hook. 30. Pole-hook. 31. Pole-chain. 32. Pole. 33. Shackle or swing-bars. 34. Tug. 35. Splinter-bar. RELATIVE PLACES OF HORSES.