Walks in RomeHare, Augustus J. C. (Augustus John Cuthbert)
History
Walks in Rome
Hare, Augustus J. C. (Augustus John Cuthbert)
Rome (Italy) -- Description and travel
The temple of Jupiter occupied a lofty platform, the summit of the rock
being levelled to receive it. Its façade was decorated with three ranges
of columns, and its sides by a single colonnade. It was nearly square,
being 200 Roman feet in length, and 185 in width.[21] The interior was
divided into three cells; the figure of Jupiter occupied that in the
centre, Minerva was on his right, and Juno on his left. The figure of
Jupiter was the work of an artist of the Volscian city of Fregellæ,[22]
and was formed of terra-cotta, painted like the statues which we may
still see in the Etruscan museum at the Vatican, and clothed with the
tunica palmata, and the toga picta, the costume of victorious generals.
In his right hand was a thunder-bolt, and in his left a spear.
"Jupiter angusta vix totus stabat in Æde;
Inque Jovis dextra fictile fulmen erat."
_Ovid, Fast._ i. 202.
At a later period the statue was formed of gold, but this figure had
ceased to exist in the time of Pliny.[23] When Martial wrote, the
statues of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, were all gilt.
"Scriptus es æterno nunc primum, Jupiter, auro,
Et soror, et summi filia tota patris."
_Martial,_ xi. _Ep._ 5.
In the wall adjoining the cella of Minerva, a nail was fastened every
year, to mark the lapse of time.[24] In the centre of the temple was the
statue of Terminus.
"The sumptuous fane of Jupiter Capitolinus had peculiar claims on
the veneration of the Roman citizens; for not only the great lord
of the earth was worshipped in it, but the conservative principle
of property itself found therein its appropriate symbol. While the
statue of Jupiter occupied the usual place of the divinity in the
furthest recess of the building, an image of the god Terminus was
also placed in the centre of the nave, which was open to the
heavens. A venerable legend affirmed, that when, in the time of the
kings, it was requisite to clear a space on the Capitoline to erect
on it a temple to the great father of the gods, and the shrines of
the lesser divinities were to be removed for the purpose, Terminus
alone, the patron of boundaries, refused to quit his place, and
demanded to be included in the walls of the new edifice. Thus
propitiated he was understood to declare that henceforth the bounds
of the republic should never be removed; and the pledge was more
than fulfilled by the ever increasing circuit of her
dominion."--_Merivale, Romans Under the Empire._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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