World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations -- Submarine
Sea-power worked miracles in other directions. “The blockade,” says Sir
Eric Geddes,[35] “is what crushed the life out of the Central Empires.”
That was the work of the 10th Cruiser Squadron. From 1914 to 1917 the
ships of that squadron “held the 800 miles stretch of grey sea from the
Orkneys to Iceland. In those waters they intercepted 15,000 ships taking
succour to our enemies, and they did that under almost Arctic
conditions, and mainly in the teeth of storm and blizzard; out of that
15,000 they missed just 4 per cent., a most remarkable achievement under
impossible conditions. Behind the blockade was the Grand Fleet, the
fulcrum of the whole of the sea-power of the Allies. If ever testimony
were needed of the value of sea-power, I can give it. In every
individual case when an armistice was signed by our enemies, and in one,
if not two, cases before, the one cry that went up was, ‘Release the
blockade.’”
Admiral Sir Percy Scott holds that four years of U-boat warfare have
“tragically demonstrated the truth” of his neglected warning, but he
also acknowledges that the Navy did not fail us. “From the first,” to
quote the apostle of the submarines, “Great Britain kept command of the
seas.” His prophecy of 1914 that the day of the big surface ship was
over has not been fulfilled, though the submarine may become the capital
ship of the future. He contends that if Germany could have placed 200
U-boats on the ocean trade routes at the outbreak of war she would have
defeated the Allies. She might have done so, but the important fact is
that she did not possess the requisite number. At that time we were
lamentably short of light craft, German cruisers and raiders were
running amok in various parts of the world, and the Grand Fleet was
fully occupied ‘containing’ the main German squadrons. Given the
hypothetical conditions mentioned by the Admiral, it is not improbable
that the enemy would “have defeated the Allies and practically conquered
the world,” but it is not “certain,” as Sir Percy asserts. Germany
regarded the intensified U-boat campaign as a sure thing; we know the
result. In his now famous letter to the _Times_, one of the eminent
correspondent’s contentions was that “the introduction of vessels that
swim under water has already done away with the utility of ships that
swim on the top of the water,” that “as the motor vehicle has driven the
horse from the road, so has the submarine driven the battleship from the
sea.” The Great War of 1914–18 disproved this very definite statement,
and witnessed the introduction of mighty ‘hush’ ships which lived and
moved and had their being on the surface of great waters.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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