War Medals and Their HistorySteward, William Augustus
History
War Medals and Their History
Steward, William Augustus
Great Britain. Army -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.; Great Britain. Royal Navy -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.
It is noteworthy that the infantry did not receive more than two bars,
and that it was impossible for any participant in the war to obtain
more than four, and very few received as many. This is a very striking
medal, a very dignified figure of Britannia being represented on the
reverse holding a wreath in the outstretched right hand, and an oval
shield with the Union Jack thereon on the left arm, which also holds
a laurel wreath; INDIA is arranged above following the line of the
medal, and ~1857-58~ in the exergue. The obverse bears the same head
of Queen Victoria as the Military General Service medal. The names
were impressed on the edge in capital Roman letters, and the suspender
and fishtail bars are of the same kind as those used with the China
medal of 1857. The ribbon, which is 1¼ in. wide, consists of scarlet
and white stripes arranged alternately, three of white and two of red.
This was the last medal issued by the H.E.I. Co., and it might be said
almost the last of the classic medals (L. C. Wyon modelled the reverse).
=Reissues of Earlier Medals.=--On January 21st, 1859, the Government
of India sanctioned the reissue of medals gratis to all officers and
men who had lost their decorations through the mutiny. This is an
important fact to remember when considering war medals issued prior to
the mutiny, as reissues are not generally considered as valuable as
originals.
SECOND CHINESE WAR
=Fatshan, 1857.=--The seizure by the Chinese of a small trading-vessel,
the "Arrow," led to the second Chinese War, the first stages of which
were confined to operations by seamen and marines under Admiral Sir
Michael Seymour, who, attacking the Chinese fleet in Fatshan Creek
with 11 gunboats and about 50 ships' boats from the fleet, defeated
the enemy's fleet of 80 junks armed with 800 guns, and manned by 6,000
seamen; only 3 of the junks escaped destruction.
=Canton, 1857.=--Having defeated the fleet, it was considered that
there was little chance of obtaining satisfaction without resort to
arms, and a force of 5,000 men was dispatched to the Far East, but the
mutiny breaking out they were diverted to India. The 59th Regiment,
however, was on the China station, and with a body of marines took part
in the bombardment and storm of Canton on December 29th, 1857, and the
blockade of the fort until some semblance of satisfaction had been
obtained. With the deportation of the late Imperial Commissioner Yeh to
India the possibility of a satisfactory treaty was imminent, and when
the treaty of Tientsin was signed, on June 26th, 1858, it was hoped
that peace was assured.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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