War Medals and Their HistorySteward, William Augustus
History
War Medals and Their History
Steward, William Augustus
Great Britain. Army -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.; Great Britain. Royal Navy -- Medals, badges, decorations, etc.
=The Basuto War.=--Following closely on the suppression of the rising
in Griqualand came the Basuto War, occasioned by the refusal of Morosi
and his son Dodo, chief of the Baphutis, to pay the hut tax. Morosi had
fortified an almost inaccessible mountain near the Orange River, and
thither, after a skirmish with the Cape Mounted Rifles, he gathered
his people, and for nine months defied the forces and artillery ranged
against him in his mountain fastness, which with only one accessible
side he had, with considerable skill, fortified and loopholed for
musketry fire. After many futile attempts to storm the place Morosi was
killed, and what was considered to be an impregnable mountain fortress
was taken, and the fortifications blown up. Then it was decided to
disarm the natives, and some hard fighting took place against the rebel
chief Letherodi, and the rising was not stamped out until the Imperial
and Colonial forces in the field totalled 15,000 men. In April 1878
an amnesty was proclaimed, and although the Basutos had been badly
defeated they gained practically all they asked for prior to the rising.
THE ZULU WAR
Then a war was entered upon which was to alternately bring disaster and
as frequently demonstrate the stern inflexibility of the white man.
Zululand, to the north-east of Natal, produced the finest and bravest
black warriors against whom Britain has fought. Chaka on becoming
chief in 1810 organised the tribe on a martial basis, and to his
determined and ruthless efforts to establish a military despotism the
splendid fighting qualities of the Zulu were due. Our story commences
with the recognition of Cetewayo as King of the Zulus by the British
Government in 1872. His father Panda had reverted to the peaceful
pastoral pursuits of the tribe, but Cetewayo determined to again
organise his countrymen as a military nation, and with such success did
he do this that he felt himself in a position to defy white authority.
The seizure of two women on British territory, claimed as the runaway
wives of a chief, and the refusal of Cetewayo to make reparation for
the incursion into British territory, led to the invasion of Zululand
on January 11th, 1879. It was decided to invade the country by three
columns. The first, or southern column, under Colonel Pearson of the
Buffs, was composed of the 2nd Batt. Buffs; six companies of the 99th;
100 Mounted Infantry; 19th Hussars; Royal Artillery with 4 guns; 170
Seamen and Marines from H.M.S. "Active," with a Gatling gun and Rocket
Battery; Mounted Colonial Volunteers, and about 1,000 natives. The
second, or central column, under Colonel Glyn of the 24th, comprised
seven companies of the 1st Batt. and the 2nd Batt. 24th Regiment;
Royal Artillery with 2 7-pounders; Natal Mounted Police; Mounted
Colonial Volunteers, and 1,000 natives. The third, or northern column,
under Colonel Evelyn Wood, consisted of the 1st Batt. 13th; the 90th
Regiment; Royal Artillery with 4 7-pounders; 100 Mounted Infantry;
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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